Disproportional ferric sulfide catalysts for coal liquefaction

Dadyburjor, Dady B.; Stewart, William R.; Stiller, Alfred H.; Stinespring, C. D.; Wann, J. P.; Zondlo, John W.

doi:10.1021/ef00043a003

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…This is evidenced by the increase in the gas yield at higher reaction times (Figure 7). A similar trend in gas yield increment and solid yield reductions at higher reaction times was observed by Yan et al during the HTL of Sugar cane bagasse [26], though the biomass feedstocks are different, the HTL reaction mechanisms are largely the same. The steady increase in gas yield is attributed to the increasing decomposition of the solid residue and biocrude oil into the gaseous phase at higher reaction times.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Time and Mnpssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The initial increase in biocrude yield with temperature is attributed to an increased decomposition and depolymerization of biomass into smaller compounds [28]. The reduction in biocrude yield beyond the peak temperature is attributed to the Boudouard reactions and the secondary reactions which are activated at higher temperatures [26] [29]. The increase in gas yields at higher temperatures as seen in Figure 10(a) confirms the activation of secondary and Boudouard reactions leading to biocrude evaporation into the gas phase.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 85%

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Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Water Hyacinth: Effect of Process Conditions and Magnetite Nanoparticles on Biocrude Yield and Composition

Egesa¹,

Mulindwa²,

Mubiru³

et al. 2021

JSBS

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In this work, an efficient way of converting the water hyacinth to biocrude oil using magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) as potential catalysts was demonstrated for the first time. MNPs were synthesised by co-precipitation and used in the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of water hyacinth at different reaction conditions (temperature, reaction time, MNPs to biomass ratio and biomass to water ratio). The best reaction conditions were as follows: temperature-320˚C, reaction time-60 minutes, MNPs to biomass ratio -0.2 g/g and biomass to water ratio -0.06 g/g. HTL in presence of MNPs gave higher biocrude yields compared to HTL in absence of MNPs. The highest biocrude yield was 58.3 wt% compared to 52.3 wt% in absence of MNPs at similar reaction conditions. The composition of biocrude oil was analysed using GC-MS and elemental analysis. GC-MS results revealed that HTL in presence of MNPs led to an increase in the percentage area corresponding to hydrocarbons and a reduction in the percentage area corresponding to oxygenated compounds, nitrogenated compounds and sulphur compounds. Elemental analysis revealed an increase in the hydrogen and carbon content and a reduction in the nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur content of the biocrude when HTL was done in presence of MNPs compared to HTL in absence of MNPs. The nanoparticles were recovered from the biochar by sonication and magnetic separation and recycled. The recycled MNPs were still efficient as HTL catalysts and were recycled five times. The application of MNPs in the HTL of water hyacinth increases the yield of biocrude oil, improves the quality of biocrude through removal of hetero atoms, oxygen and sulphur compounds and is a potentially economical alternative to the traditional petroleum catalysts since MNPs are How to cite this paper:

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Section: Effect Of Reaction Time and Mnpssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 85%

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Water Hyacinth: Effect of Process Conditions and Magnetite Nanoparticles on Biocrude Yield and Composition

Egesa¹,

Mulindwa²,

Mubiru³

et al. 2021

JSBS

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“…Only HYD occurred; no HYC of the aromatic ring was observed. The products observed from 1-MN were primarily the HYD products of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1methylnaphthalene (5,6,7, and 172,3,4-tetrahydro-l-methylnaphthalene ( 172,3,4-1-HMN). The hydrocracked product, NAP, was the minor product, present at 2 to 3 mol % .…”

Section: Hydrocracking Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrocracked product, NAP, was the minor product, present at 2 to 3 mol % . Comparison of the product slate when MoNaph was used showed that substantially more of the hydrogenated products were formed yielding 39% 5,6,7,8-1-HMN and 25% 1,2,3,4-1-HMN7 compared to the Fe catalysts where [11][12]6,7, to 5.3% 172,3,4-1-HMN were formed; however, no NAP was produced. For all of the catalysts, the 5,6,7,8-1-HMN isomer was the preferred product.…”

Section: Hydrocracking Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative research in coal liquefaction. Final report, May 1, 1992--April 30, 1993

Huffman¹

1996

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One step in the synthesis of anion-treated iron and tin oxides is precipitation as hydroxides using either urea or ammonium hydroxide. The catalysts prepared using urea as a precipitation agent were more reproducible than those using ammonium hydroxide in terms of activities and properties. These catalystdcatalyst precursors were characterized by several techniques to determine their physical (size and structure related) and chemical (acidity) properties. Sulfated and mo€ybdated iron oxides were found to have grain sizes as small as 10-20 nm. An attempt was made to correlate the physicochemical properties of these catalysts with their activity for coal liquefaction. SiIron ion-exchanged into lignite from an iron Acetate solution showed excelle activity for direct coal liquefaction. Two lignites were studied, and both exhibite significant increases in both total conversion and oil yields when from 1 t o 7% of ir was incorporated into the coal by cation-exchange. Mossbauer spectroscopy and 0th characterization methods indicated that a substantial percentage of the iron was present in particles o r molecular complexes less than 30 A in diameter. 4An investigation of catalyst dispersion has been made using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) following impregnation of Wyodak coal with FeC1, and (NH4)2hbS4 in aqueous solutions. Before hydrotreatment, the iron and molybdenum are found coating the coal particles. After hydrotreatment at 350°C and 1500 psig H2, both the Fe and Mo are dispersed throughout the interior of the coal particles.Design, construction and testing of a batch-type tubing bomb microreactor has been completed in the liquefaction laboratory at West Virginia University. Tests of the variation in liquefaction yields for Blind Canyon coal as a function of time, temperature, and agitation speed have been completed. A second system, which is similar in design, but incorporates a hydrogen purge, associated gas preheat and downstream product analysis, has also been designed and constructed. Testing of this system is now in progress.Reaction of ferric chloride at 5°C with sodium sulfide in aqueous solution yielded a black colloid of Fez& On heating to 100 -200"C, the ferric sulfide disproportionates to pyrite, pyrrhotite, and elemental sulfur. Particle sizes of the iron sulfides produced by this method are typically around 200 A. These iron sulfides exhibit reasonable catalytic activity for DCL of Blind Canyon coal at 350"C, increasing total conversion by about lo%, split approximately between increases in asphaltene and oil + gas yields. At 400°C, however, the catalytic conversion and yields are only slightly hig,her than those observed thermally for the DECS-17 coal.A novel aerosol reactor for generation of ultrafine iron sulfide catalysts has been designed and is now under construction.In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were carried out to elucidate the basic mechanisms of the catalytic reaction between hydrogen and graphite in the presence of either iron sulfide or molybdenum sulfide...

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“…The important parameters in coal liquefaction are catalyst type, catalyst concentration, and catalyst usage method. To achieve a higher conversion rate of both total and light (soluble in hexane) liquid product, various researches have been carried on previously (Artok et al, 1992;Bacaud et al, 1994;Baldwin and Vinciguerra, 1983;Dadyburjor et al, 1994;Guin et al, 1980;Hu et al, 2002;Kamiya et al, 1988;Karaca, 1998;Sharma et al, 1996;Warzinski et al, 1996;Watanabe et al, 1984;Zhang et al, 2002). Studies of catalytically accomplished coal liquefaction are generally based on determination of appropriate catalysts (metal oxides, metal salts, metal sulphates) and accelerator materials soluble in water and oil (Karaca, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characterization of Coal Liquefaction Products Obtained under an Inert Atmosphere and Catalytic Conditions. Part II: Soluble Products

Karaca

2006

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmenta

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Disproportional ferric sulfide catalysts for coal liquefaction

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Water Hyacinth: Effect of Process Conditions and Magnetite Nanoparticles on Biocrude Yield and Composition

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Water Hyacinth: Effect of Process Conditions and Magnetite Nanoparticles on Biocrude Yield and Composition

Cooperative research in coal liquefaction. Final report, May 1, 1992--April 30, 1993

The Characterization of Coal Liquefaction Products Obtained under an Inert Atmosphere and Catalytic Conditions. Part II: Soluble Products

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