Disrupting Effects of Single and Combined Emerging Pollutants on Thyroid Gland Function

Raldúa, Demetrio; Babin, Pierre; Barata, Carlos; Thienpont, Benedicte

doi:10.1007/698_2011_123

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 54 publications

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“…Emerging pollutants include active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) or biologically active compounds, some of which have been recently formulated, but widely used due to their efficacy (Metcalfe et al, 2014;Maruya et al, 2014;Pal et al, 2010). The analytical power of instrumentation and techniques to screen and quantify emerging contaminants has significantly improved over the past two decades, enabling the discovery of more emerging pollutants (Raldúa et al, 2011;Sauvé and Desrosiers, 2014;Valavanidis et al, 2014). Due to the large number of APIs present in water bodies impacted by wastewater treatment plant effluents as well as hospital and manufacturing waste, prioritising which API's to monitor may prove to be a challenge (Caldwell et al, 2014;Besse and Garric, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminants of emerging concern in the Hartbeespoort Dam catchment and the uMngeni River estuary 2016 pollution incident, South Africa

Rimayi

Odusanya²,

Weiss

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

117

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A quantitative assessment of pollutants of emerging concern in the Hartbeespoort Dam catchment area was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to establish the occurrence, source and distribution of 15 environmental pollutants, including 10 pharmaceuticals, 1 pesticide and 4 steroid hormones. Seasonal sampling was conducted in the Hartbeespoort Lake using sub-surface grab sampling to determine the lake's ecological status and obtain data for establishment of progressive operational monitoring. The Jukskei River, which lies upstream of the Hartbeespoort Dam, was sampled in the winter season. Five year old carp (Cyprinus carpio) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were also sampled from the Hartbeespoort Dam to study bioaccumulation in biota as well as to estimate risk associated with fish consumption. In the Jukskei River, the main source of 11 emerging pollutants (EPs) was identified as raw sewage overflow, with the highest ∑11 EP concentration of 593ngL being recorded at the Midrand point and the lowest ∑11 EP concentration of 164ngL at the N14 site located 1km downstream of a large wastewater treatment plant. The Jukskei River was found to be the largest contributor of the emerging contaminants detected in the Hartbeespoort Dam. In the Hartbeespoort Dam EP concentrations were generally in the order efavirenz>nevirapine>carbamazepine>methocarbamol>bromacil>venlafaxine. Water and sediment were sampled from the uMngeni River estuary within 24h after large volumes of an assortment of pharmaceutical waste had been discovered to be washed into the river estuary after flash rainfall on 18 May 2016. Analytical results revealed high levels of some emerging pollutants in sediment samples, up to 81ngg for nevirapine and 4ngg for etilefrine HCL. This study shows that efavirenz, nevirapine, carbamazepine, methocarbamol, bromacil and venlafaxine are contaminants that require operational monitoring in South African urban waters.

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