Disruption of proteoglycans in neural tube fluid by β-D-xyloside alters brain enlargement in chick embryos

Alonso, Manuel García; Gato, Á.; Moro, José; Barbosa, E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199812)252:4<499::aid-ar1>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…And recently Alonso et al (1998) demonstrated an oncotic gradient in chick embryos older than those used in our study. They showed a significant increase in fluid within the ventricles of HH stage 20 -29 chick embryos after treatment with beta-D-xyloside, and attributed the increase in size of the ventricles of the treated embryos to the increased concentration of chondroitin sulfate-free chains and sodium in the neural tube fluid.…”

Section: Temporal Development Of the Transport Capacity Of The Neuroesupporting

confidence: 55%

Brain expansion in the chick embryo initiated by experimentally produced occlusion of the spinal neurocoel

Desmond

Levitan

2002

Anat. Rec.

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The brain expands in the early chick embryo from pressure generated by accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a closed neural tube. The sealing of the neural tube occurs as the result of occlusion of the spinal neurocoel rostral to and before closure of the posterior neuropore. We have previously demonstrated the dependence of normal brain expansion upon intraluminal pressure.We had yet to demonstrate, however, that brain expansion actually depends upon natural occlusion of the spinal neurocoel. To demonstrate such dependence, we experimentally occluded the spinal neurocoels of embryos 5 hr younger than stage 11 embryos (in which occlusion of the neurocoel occurs naturally). The stage 10 chick embryos were cultured ex ovo and critically staged, and their spinal neurocoels were occluded using microcautery. All embryos were photographed immediately and at 5, 12, and 24 hr after cautery. Serial sections were made of selected embryos, in which the areas of both the brain and the head were measured. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum nonparametric tests, Hodges-Lehmann estimators, bootstrapping techniques, and resampling randomization tests were used to determine whether the increases in the brain and head areas for the experimental embryos were significantly different from those of the control embryos during three distinct intervals of expansion: 0 -5, 5-12, and 0 -12 hr. From 0 to 5 hr, the brains of the precociously occluded embryos expanded significantly more than the brains of the nonoccluded controls. From 5 to 12 hr, the brains of the embryos with naturally occluded neurocoels grew significantly larger than the brains of the embryos with precociously occluded neurocoels. At 12 hr, there appeared to be no difference in brain size for these two groups. We conclude that the data support the hypothesis that brain expansion is directly dependent upon occlusion of the spinal neurocoel. Anat Rec 268: 147-159, 2002.

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Section: Temporal Development Of the Transport Capacity Of The Neuroesupporting

confidence: 55%

Brain expansion in the chick embryo initiated by experimentally produced occlusion of the spinal neurocoel

Desmond

Levitan

2002

Anat. Rec.

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“…It has previously been reported, in chick and rat embryos at early stages of development, that E-CSF exerts positive pressure against the neuroepithelial walls to generate an expansive force that drives morphogenesis Desmond and Jacobson, 1977;Alonso et al, 1998Alonso et al, , 1999Desmond et al, 2005). However, in recent years new roles for E-CSF have been demonstrated in the behaviour of neuroepithelial cell precursors, as it contributes to the regulation of the survival, proliferation, and neural differentiation of the neuroepithelial progenitor cells during early (Gato et al, 2005) and late development (Mashayekhi et al, 2002;OwenLynch et al, 2003;Miyan et al, 2003), as well as collaborating with the isthmic organiser in regulating mesencephalic gene expression (Parada et al, 2005a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrospinal fluid control of neurogenesis induced by retinoic acid during early brain development

Alonso

Martín

Carnicero

et al. 2011

Developmental Dynamics

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Embryonic‐cerebrospinal fluid (E‐CSF) plays crucial roles in early brain development including the control of neurogenesis. Although FGF2 and lipoproteins present in the E‐CSF have previously been shown to be involved in neurogenesis, the main factor triggering this process remains unknown. E‐CSF contains all‐trans‐retinol and retinol‐binding protein involved in the synthesis of retinoic acid (RA), a neurogenesis inducer. In early chick embryo brain, only the mesencephalic‐rombencephalic isthmus (IsO) is able to synthesize RA. Here we show that in chick embryo brain development: (1) E‐CSF helps to control RA synthesis in the IsO by means of the RBP and all‐trans‐retinol it contains; (2) E‐CSF has retinoic acid activity, which suggests it may act as a diffusion pathway for RA; and (3) the influence of E‐CSF on embryonic brain neurogenesis is to a large extent due to its involvement in RA synthesis. These data help to understand neurogenesis from neural progenitor cells. Developmental Dynamics 240:1650–1659, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…In addition, certain neurons send processes into the ventricular space, suggesting that their activity may be connected with regulating CSF homeostasis (Vigh and Vigh-Teichmann, 1998). CSF contains hormones, proteoglycans and ions, and its composition varies between ventricles and over time, suggesting a changing function for the ventricles during development (Alonso et al, 1998;Skinner and Caraty, 2002). Abnormalities in brain ventricle structure can lead to hydrocephaly, one of the most common birth defects (McAllister and Chovan, 1998;Rekate, 1997), and abnormal brain ventricle size and development have been correlated with mental health disorders such as autism and schizophrenia (Hardan et al, 2001;Kurokawa et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial formation of zebrafish brain ventricles occurs independently of circulation and requires thenagie okoandsnakehead/atp1a1a.1gene products

2005

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The mechanisms by which the vertebrate brain develops its characteristic three-dimensional structure are poorly understood. The brain ventricles are a highly conserved system of cavities that form very early during brain morphogenesis and that are required for normal brain function. We have initiated a study of zebrafish brain ventricle development and show here that the neural tube expands into primary forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain ventricles rapidly, over a 4-hour window during mid-somitogenesis. Circulation is not required for initial ventricle formation, only for later expansion. Cell division rates in the neural tube surrounding the ventricles are higher than between ventricles and, consistently, cell division is required for normal ventricle development. Two zebrafish mutants that do not develop brain ventricles are snakehead and nagie oko. We show that snakehead is allelic to small heart, which has a mutation in the Na+K+ ATPase gene atp1a1a.1. The snakehead neural tube undergoes normal ventricle morphogenesis;however, the ventricles do not inflate, probably owing to impaired ion transport. By contrast, mutants in nagie oko, which was previously shown to encode a MAGUK family protein, fail to undergo ventricle morphogenesis. This correlates with an abnormal brain neuroepithelium, with no clear midline and disrupted junctional protein expression. This study defines three steps that are required for brain ventricle development and that occur independently of circulation: (1) morphogenesis of the neural tube, requiring nok function; (2) lumen inflation requiring atp1a1a.1function; and (3) localized cell proliferation. We suggest that mechanisms of brain ventricle development are conserved throughout the vertebrates.

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Disruption of proteoglycans in neural tube fluid by β-D-xyloside alters brain enlargement in chick embryos

Cited by 42 publications

References 44 publications

Brain expansion in the chick embryo initiated by experimentally produced occlusion of the spinal neurocoel

Brain expansion in the chick embryo initiated by experimentally produced occlusion of the spinal neurocoel

Cerebrospinal fluid control of neurogenesis induced by retinoic acid during early brain development

Initial formation of zebrafish brain ventricles occurs independently of circulation and requires thenagie okoandsnakehead/atp1a1a.1gene products

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