Disruption of Supernovae and would-be "Direct Collapsars"

Abstract

The speed of an intensity pattern of polarization currents on a circle, induced within a star by its rotating, magnetized core, will exceed the speed of light for a sufficiently large star, and/or rapid rotation, and will, in turn, generate focused electromagnetic beams which disrupt them. Upon core collapse within such a star, the emergence of these beams will concentrate near the two rotational poles, driving jets of matter into material previously ejected via the same excitation mechanism acting through the pre-core-collapse rotation of its magnetized stellar core(s). This interpenetration of material, light-days in extent from the progenitor, produces a significant fraction of the total supernova luminosity, and the magnitude and time of maximum of this contribution both vary with the progenitor's rotational orientation. The net effect is to render supernovae unusable as standard candles without further detailed understanding, leaving no firm basis, at this time, to favor any cosmology, including those involving "Dark Energy." Thus we are not now, nor have we ever been, in an era of precision cosmology, nor are we likely to be anytime soon. Mass loss induced through the same mechanism also keeps aggregates of gas and plasma in the early Universe, or at any other epoch, from forming the ∼billion solar mass stars which have been suggested to produce ∼billion solar mass black holes via "direct collapse," but can also provide a signature to predict core collapse some months in advance. We examine this mechanism through pulsar emission via polarization currents, in which the emission power from any coaxial annulus of plasma decays only as 1/distance for two exactly opposite rotational latitudes given by ± arccos(c/v), where c is the speed of light, and v > c is the speed of the rotating excitation. We investigate why this effect results from circularly supraluminal excitations, as well as providing a discussion of, and further evidence for, the effect in the Parkes Multibeam Pulsar Survey.

Predicting the next local supernova

“…3,4 The merger was the result of a binary stellar system close enough so that the friction of the motion of the binary components within the expanding stellar envelopes was sufficient to cause the orbits of one or both of the cores to decay, moving closer to their companion with time. There is plenty of other evidence for binarity in the progenitor, including the rings, 5,6 and the mixing observed in the ejecta, 7,8 but we will see in [9] that the anisotropy of the expanding remnant, 10,11 is more a result of the SN disruption process.…”

“…9 There are also those events in the brightest supergiants leading to black holes, about which almost nothing is known. Given the new understanding of core-collapse developed in [9], it is not at all clear what such events would look like, as there would be no pulsar to disrupt the star.…”

Application of Efron-Petrosian method to radio pulsar fluxes

“…Such a model predicts an inverse linear scaling of the flux with distance. A claim was also made in literature that the radio pulsar fluxes do scale inversely with the first power of distance according to (F ∝ D −1 ) [19,20] based on the application of the Stepwise Maximum Likelihood Method [21], in accord with the theoretical model proposed in [18]. However, this result could not be confirmed using an independent analysis [22].…”