Dissecting genetic loci of yield, yield components, and protein content in bread wheat nested association mapping population
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Cited by 3 publications
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Nitrogen uptake dynamics of high and low protein wheat genotypes
Increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) without excessive nitrogen (N) inputs requires understanding the genotypic variations in N accumulation, partitioning, and utilization strategies. This study evaluated whether high protein genotypes exhibit increased N accumulation (herein also expressed as N nutrition index, NNI) and partitioning (including remobilization from vegetative organs) compared to low-protein genotypes under low and high N conditions. Four winter wheat genotypes with similar yields but contrasting GPC were examined under two N rates (0 and 120 kg N ha-1) across two environments and four growing seasons in Oklahoma, US. As expected, the high-protein genotypes Doublestop CL+ (Dob) and Green Hammer (Grn) had greater GPC than the medium- (Gallagher, Gal) and low-protein genotypes (Iba), without any difference in grain yield. Total plant N accumulation at maturity showed diminishing increases for greater grain yield, and low-protein genotype showed greater N utilization efficiency (NUtE) than high-protein genotypes. The high-protein genotype Grn tended to achieve higher GPC by increasing total N uptake, while Dob exhibited a tendency towards higher N partitioning to grain (NHI). The allometric relationship between total N accumulation and biomass remained unchanged for both high- and low-protein genotypes. The N remobilization patterns differed between high- and low-protein genotypes. As N conditions improved, the proportional contributions of remobilized N from leaves tended to increase, while contributions from stems and chaff tended to decrease or remained unchanged for high-protein genotypes. This study highlights the importance of both N uptake capacity and efficient N partitioning to the grain as critical traits for realizing wheat’s dual goals of higher yield and protein. Leaf N remobilization plays a critical role during grain filling, sustaining plant N status and contributing to protein levels. The higher NUtE observed in the low-protein genotype Iba likely contributed to its lower GPC, emphasizing the trade-off between NUtE and GPC. The physiological strategies employed by high-protein genotypes, such as genotype Grn’s tendency for increased N uptake and Dob’s efficient N partitioning, provide a foundation for future breeding efforts aimed at developing resource-efficient and nutritionally superior wheat genotypes capable of achieving both increased yield and protein.
Nitrogen uptake dynamics of high and low protein wheat genotypes
Increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) without excessive nitrogen (N) inputs requires understanding the genotypic variations in N accumulation, partitioning, and utilization strategies. This study evaluated whether high protein genotypes exhibit increased N accumulation (herein also expressed as N nutrition index, NNI) and partitioning (including remobilization from vegetative organs) compared to low-protein genotypes under low and high N conditions. Four winter wheat genotypes with similar yields but contrasting GPC were examined under two N rates (0 and 120 kg N ha-1) across two environments and four growing seasons in Oklahoma, US. As expected, the high-protein genotypes Doublestop CL+ (Dob) and Green Hammer (Grn) had greater GPC than the medium- (Gallagher, Gal) and low-protein genotypes (Iba), without any difference in grain yield. Total plant N accumulation at maturity showed diminishing increases for greater grain yield, and low-protein genotype showed greater N utilization efficiency (NUtE) than high-protein genotypes. The high-protein genotype Grn tended to achieve higher GPC by increasing total N uptake, while Dob exhibited a tendency towards higher N partitioning to grain (NHI). The allometric relationship between total N accumulation and biomass remained unchanged for both high- and low-protein genotypes. The N remobilization patterns differed between high- and low-protein genotypes. As N conditions improved, the proportional contributions of remobilized N from leaves tended to increase, while contributions from stems and chaff tended to decrease or remained unchanged for high-protein genotypes. This study highlights the importance of both N uptake capacity and efficient N partitioning to the grain as critical traits for realizing wheat’s dual goals of higher yield and protein. Leaf N remobilization plays a critical role during grain filling, sustaining plant N status and contributing to protein levels. The higher NUtE observed in the low-protein genotype Iba likely contributed to its lower GPC, emphasizing the trade-off between NUtE and GPC. The physiological strategies employed by high-protein genotypes, such as genotype Grn’s tendency for increased N uptake and Dob’s efficient N partitioning, provide a foundation for future breeding efforts aimed at developing resource-efficient and nutritionally superior wheat genotypes capable of achieving both increased yield and protein.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Yield-Related Traits in a Nested Association Mapping Population Grown in Kazakhstan
This study evaluated 290 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) population in the UK, consisting of 24 hybrid families. All genotypes were grown in Southeastern Kazakhstan (Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almaty region, 2021–2022) and Northern Kazakhstan (Alexandr Barayev Scientific-Production Center for Grain Farming, Akmola region, 2020). The studied traits included six yield-related characteristics: spike length (SL, cm), number of productive spikes per plant (NPS, pcs), number of kernels per spike (NKS, pcs), weight of kernels per spike (WKS, g), thousand kernel weight (TKW, g), and yield per square meter (YM2, g/m2). The significant phenotypic variability among genotypes was observed, which was suitable for the genome-wide association study of yield-related traits. Pearson’s index showed positive correlations among most yield-related traits, although a negative correlation was found between NKS and TKW in southeastern regions, and no correlation was recorded for northern regions. Top-performing RILs, surpassing local checks, were identified for NKS, TKW, and YM2, suggesting their potential for breeding programs. The application of GWAS allowed the identification of 72 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), including 36 QTLs in the southeastern region, 16 QTLs in the northern region, and 19 in both locations. Eleven QTLs matched those reported in previous QTL mapping studies and GWAS for studied traits. The results can be used for further studies related to the adaptation and productivity of wheat in breeding projects for higher grain productivity.
Mechanism of Iron Transport in the Triticum aestivum L.–Soil System: Perception from a Pot Experiment
Iron is one of the necessary trace elements for plant growth and the human body. The ‘hidden hunger’ phenomenon in the human body caused by an imbalance of iron in soil is increasingly prominent. Addressing this issue and optimizing soil through regulatory measures to improve the absorption and utilization of iron by crops has become an urgent priority in agricultural development. This study carries out pot experiments to observe the growth process of Triticum aestivum L. under various soil iron environments. Combined with previous research results, the transport mechanism of iron in the soil–Triticum aestivum L. system was systematically explored. The results indicate that during the jointing and maturity stages of Triticum aestivum L., iron was preferentially enriched in the underground parts; at the maturity stage, the iron content in various organs of Triticum aestivum L. shows a trend of increase followed by a decrease with the soil iron content varying in the following sequence: deficient, moderately deficient, medium, moderately adequate, and adequate. The iron-deficient stress environment causes an increase in the effectiveness of rhizosphere iron, resulting in a higher level of iron in the plant stems, leaves, and seeds. Conversely, when the soil iron content is medium or adequate, the effectiveness of rhizosphere iron decreases, leading to a reduction in the iron content in each part of the plant. A concentration gradient of 7.2 mg/kg in the experimental setup is found to be the most favorable to the enrichment of iron in the shoots of Triticum aestivum L. plants. The findings of this experiment provide guidance for the fertilization strategy to mitigate iron deficiency symptoms in plants under similar acidic–alkaline conditions of soil, as well as a systematic mechanism reference and basis for studying the soil–plant–human health relationship.
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