Dissecting the mechanism of carotid atherosclerosis from the perspective of regulation

Abstract

Carotid atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. The present study aimed to identify changes in the gene expression and regulatory factors for atherosclerotic plaques of carotid atherosclerosis from an early to an advanced stage. The original data were downloaded from the NCBI GEO database under accession no. GSE28829. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by the Robust Multiarray Average (RMA). The enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathways for DEGs using DAVID were subsequently identified. The transcriptional and microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network were constructed for the DEGs. Cis-regulatory signals were also investigated. More genes were activated in the advanced stage compared with the early stage. IGHG1 and SPP1 were upregulated, while MYBL1 and PLD were downregulated. The upregulated genes in the advanced stage were involved in atherosclerosis-related GO terms such as immune, vascular and cell movement homeostasis. The DEGs were significantly enriched in cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and the focal adhesion pathway. MMP9 and CFL2 played key roles in the transcriptional regulatory network. Moreover, miR-328 was identified as one of the hubs in the miRNA regulatory network. The results may therefore be used to determine the mechanism involved in carotid atherosclerosis.

Cardioprotective effect of Salvianolic acid B on acute myocardial infarction by promoting autophagy and neovascularization and inhibiting apoptosis

“…AMI is the damage and death to heart tissues that occurs due to a blockade to one or more of the coronary arteries of the heart muscles caused by atherosclerotic clot or spasm of the arteries, and now AMI has become one of the most common heart diseases that cause morbidity and mortality worldwide . More seriously, it has been well established that AMI is one of the principal causes of death in many developed countries, with severe threat to people's quality of life and health.…”

Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identifies Crucial Genes Mediating Progression of Carotid Plaque

“…Finally, the sensitivity analysis showed that our results were reliable. Several previous studies have used the microarray dataset GSE28829 to screen DEGs (Lin et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014;Tan et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2018). Different methods and different criteria lead to differences in DEG results.…”

“…In the study by these researchers, 322 up-regulated genes and 385 down-regulated genes were identified in advanced plaque samples. CFL2 and MMP9 were identified as important genes in the transcriptional regulatory network (Lin et al, 2014). Tan et al used the signalto-noise method and listed the top 100 up-regulated genes and top 100 down-regulated genes.…”

MicroRNA‐328 ameliorates oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced endothelial cells injury through targeting HMGB1 in atherosclerosis

“…Additionally, miR‐328 can inhibit renal tubular cell epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition through targeting CD44 in renal fibrosis . In addition, miR‐328 has been identified as crucial regulators in atherosclerosis . Here, in our study, we focused on its detailed roles in atherosclerosis progression.…”