Disseminated Acanthamoeba infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected infant

Schwarzwald, Heidi; Shah, Purvi; Hicks, John; Levy, Moise L.; Wagner, Milton L.; Kline, Mark W.

doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000047865.22411.44

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…GAE is almost always fatal, regardless of immune status, with an approximate survival rate of less than 7% (594). Patients with Acanthamoeba-HIV coinfection usually do not survive, particularly patients with disseminated disease (90,323,377,411,477,486,509). In IC patients, Acanthamoeba infections also occur in the skin (386) and bones (512).…”

Section: Free-living Amoebaementioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

et al. 2010

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SUMMARY There are many neglected nonenteric protozoa able to cause serious morbidity and mortality in humans, particularly in the developing world. Diseases caused by certain protozoa are often more severe in the presence of HIV. While information regarding neglected tropical diseases caused by trypanosomatids and Plasmodium is abundant, these protozoa are often not a first consideration in Western countries where they are not endemic. As such, diagnostics may not be available in these regions. Due to global travel and immigration, this has become an increasing problem. Inversely, in certain parts of the world (particularly sub-Saharan Africa), the HIV problem is so severe that diseases like microsporidiosis and toxoplasmosis are common. In Western countries, due to the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), these diseases are infrequently encountered. While free-living amoebae are rarely encountered in a clinical setting, when infections do occur, they are often fatal. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential to the survival of patients infected with these organisms. This paper reviews information on the diagnosis and treatment of nonenteric protozoal diseases in immunocompromised people, with a focus on patients infected with HIV. The nonenteric microsporidia, some trypanosomatids, Toxoplasma spp., Neospora spp., some free-living amoebae, Plasmodium spp., and Babesia spp. are discussed.

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Section: Free-living Amoebaementioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

et al. 2010

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“…Most of the time accidental detection of Acanthamoeba was reported in clinical samples [ [8] , [9] , [10] ]. Khanna et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba species from a post-covid patient with CSF rhinorrhea; a next possible post covid menace? A case report

Keche¹,

Chakravarty²,

Khatoon³

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Acanthamoeba species are free‐living organisms that can be isolated from soil, fresh water, salt water, and bottled mineral water, as well as from various ventilation and heating systems worldwide. Despite their ubiquitous nature, only 37 cases of disseminated acanthamoebiasis in immunocompromised patients have been described in the literature (4–26). With advances in new and more potent therapies used to combat malignancy, organ rejection, autoimmune disease, and GVHD, accompanied by profound immunosuppression, an increased incidence of Acanthamoeba and other rare opportunistic infections are anticipated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the potential for more frequent protozoal infections with novel immunotherapies, effective treatment of infection is crucial. Nine cases of successfully treated Acanthamoeba infection have been reported in the immunocompromised host (4–6, 12–14, 16, 23). Most were early cases of disseminated Acanthamoeba infection initially presenting as sinus disease in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal disseminated Acanthamoeba infection in a liver transplant recipient immunocompromised by combination therapies for graft-versus-host disease

Young

LeBoeuf

Tsiouris

et al. 2010

Transplant Infectious Disease

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Immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk for acquisition of opportunistic pathogens, with potentially fatal consequences. With the introduction of novel immunosuppressive agents used to prevent organ rejection and to treat the sequelae of transplantation, severity and rates of infection with unusual opportunistic pathogens may increase. Various monoclonal antibodies are now being used in the treatment of severe, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), including rituximab, daclizumab, and alemtuzumab. These therapies, particularly when used in combination and with other traditional forms of immunosuppression, may have profound effects on the immune system. Acanthamoeba species are ubiquitous, free-living protozoa that rarely cause disseminated disease in the immunocompromised host. We report a fatal case of disseminated Acanthamoeba infection with a dramatic cutaneous presentation in a liver transplant recipient severely immunocompromised by sequential standard and novel therapies used to successfully treat life-threatening acute GVHD. This case illustrates the current major limitation of these therapies, discusses the cutaneous findings in disseminated acanthamoebiasis, and highlights the need to maintain vigilance for the presence of unusual infection in patients receiving similar therapeutic regimens.

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Disseminated Acanthamoeba infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected infant

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

Acanthamoeba species from a post-covid patient with CSF rhinorrhea; a next possible post covid menace? A case report

Fatal disseminated Acanthamoeba infection in a liver transplant recipient immunocompromised by combination therapies for graft-versus-host disease

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