Disseminated Dermal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania siamensis in a Systemic Steroid Therapy Patient

Noppakun, Nopadon; Kraivichian, Kanyarat; Siriyasatien, Padet

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0711

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…He was an immunocompetent host who developed multiple erythematous and nodules on his face, trunk, and extremities after receiving steroid therapy, and afterward received a diagnosis of diffused cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) caused by L. martiniquensis. 20,23 His daughter, who lived in the same house, also had asymptomatic L. martiniquensis infection. 20 Until now, L. martiniquensis infection has been reported in different geographical areas, that is, Martinique Island/French West Indies, Thailand, and Myanmar (Table 1).…”

Section: Situation Of Leishmaniasis In Thailandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the majority of lesions on skin in HIV/AIDS cases could be single, multiple nodular, or generalized papular forms. The lesion could be disseminated as multiple nonulcerative nodules, papular with ulcerative lesions or chronic generalized fibrotic lesions to other parts of the body besides a primary lesion on the face, ears (along the helix and antihelix of the pinna), the dorsum of hands, knuckles of fingers, elbows, extensor surface of the forearm, or on the trunk and lower extremities, 19,20,23,28 called DCL. For L. siamensis infection, only one DCL was reported in a person with AIDS.…”

Section: Clinical Spectrum Of L Martiniquensis and L Siamensis Infementioning

confidence: 99%

“…E-mail: sleelayoova@gmail.com As shown in Table 2, all L. siamensis published papers from 2008 to 2016 [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] were reviewed and the species of Leishmania were confirmed using nucleotide sequences of the SSU-rRNA, ITS1 region of SSU-rRNA, and hsp70 genes from GenBank database and were compared with the nucleotide sequences of each gene using axenic cul- those reported in horses and cow. 16,17,21 Only one published paper by Bualert and others in 2012 identified L. siamensis infection.…”

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Leishmaniasis in Thailand: A Review of Causative Agents and Situations

Leelayoova

Siripattanapipong

Manomat

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Before 1999, leishmaniasis was considered an imported disease in Thailand. Since then, autochthonous leishmaniasis was reported in both immmunocompetent and immmunocompromised patients especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A new species was identified and named as Leishmania siamensis consisting of two lineages, that is, lineages TR and PG. Analysis of isoenzymes has clarified the more commonly detected L. siamensis lineage PG as Leishmania martiniquensis (MON-229), a species originally reported from the Martinique Island, whereas the L. siamensis lineage TR has been identified as the true novel species, L. siamensis (MON-324). Both cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been found among Thai patients. Disseminated CL and VL could be presented in some reported patients who had HIV/AIDS coinfection. So far, only sporadic cases have been reported; thus, the true prevalence of leishmaniasis should be determined in Thailand among the high-risk populations such as people with HIV/AIDS. A recent survey among animals identified L. martiniquensis DNA in black rats (Rattus rattus) suggesting a potential animal reservoir. In addition, L. martiniquensis DNA was identified in Sergentomyia gemmea and Sergentomyia barraudi, the predominant sandfly species in the affected areas. However, further studies are needed to prove that these sandflies could serve as the vector of leishmaniasis in Thailand.

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Section: Situation Of Leishmaniasis In Thailandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Spectrum Of L Martiniquensis and L Siamensis Infementioning

confidence: 99%

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Leishmaniasis in Thailand: A Review of Causative Agents and Situations

Leelayoova

Siripattanapipong

Manomat

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…To date, most of the reported cases have come from southern Thailand, and the first confirmed autochthonous case was reported from this region in 1999, presenting as visceral leishmaniasis in a 3‐year‐old girl native to Surat Thani Province and who had never been abroad . Since then, several further cases have been reported from southern Thailand, including some with HIV co‐infection, and some of these with mixed symptomology of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis . The first case in northern Thailand, a 40‐year‐old man from Nan Province, was reported in 2005, and the second, a 52‐year‐old man from Lamphun Province, in 2012 .…”

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Chronic generalized fibrotic skin lesions from disseminated leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania martiniquensis in two patients from northern Thailand infected with HIV

et al. 2015

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SummaryBackground Leishmaniasis is a newly emerging infection in Thailand. Most of the previous human cases have presented with the clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis and were mainly found in southern Thailand. Here we report the first two patients from northern Thailand presenting with disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis. Objectives To determine the nature of the infection of leishmaniasis and to identify the species of parasite responsible. Methods Clinical investigations included the taking of biopsy samples and histology. Parasitological diagnosis was performed by establishment of Leishmania promastigote cultures, and identification was performed by DNA sequencing of four independent gene loci (ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer 1; large subunit of RNA polymerase II; heat shock protein 70; RPL23a intergenic sequence). Results Both patients were infected with HIV, and had multiple cutaneous lesions and accompanying visceral leishmaniasis. They had similar cutaneous manifestations characterized by chronic generalized fibrotic lesions, which were more prominent on traumatic areas. In both patients the parasite was identified as Leishmania martiniquensis. This is a recently described species that is distinct and only distantly related to the classical agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Asia (Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica) or of visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum). Each patient responded well to therapy with intravenous amphotericin B followed by oral itraconazole. Conclusions Leishmania martiniquensis is a cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Thailand.

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“…Surveys conducted in areas where L. siamensis infection has been reported in Thailand showed that Sergentomyia (Neophlebotomus) gemmea and S. (Parrotomyia) barraudi sand flies and black rats ( Rattus rattus ) were suspected to be a potential vectors and animal reservoirs for L. siamensis , respectively [12] . More recently, indigenous L. siamensis infection has been described in Myanmar in a patient who was treated with corticosteroids and in an AIDS patient [8] , [13] . L. siamensis was also detected as a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in cows and horses in Germany [14] , Switzerland [15] , and the United States [16] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%