Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a Patient with Advanced HIV Disease - Lessons Learnt from Bangladesh

Pervez, Md. Moshtaq; Cobb, Brian A.; Matin, Nashaba; Shahrin, Lubaba; Ford, Evelyn R.; Pietroni, Mark

doi:10.3329/jhpn.v28i3.5561

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Individuals with a dysfunctional immune system such as immunocompromised people with underlying HIV infection, very young children and the elderly are vulnerable to fungal infections [ 2 ]. Mycoses such as Pneumocystis pneumonia [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], cryptococcal meningitis [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], disseminated histoplasmosis [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] and Talaromyces marneffei ( formerly Penicillium marneffei ) infection [ 1 , 13 ] are reported commonly among patients with HIV/AIDS and may occur in those with cancer or in intensive care or with adult onset immunodeficiency [ 2 , 14 ]. Further, individuals with chronic respiratory disease are susceptible to airborne fungal infections including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) [ 15 , 16 ], severe asthma with fungal sensitization [ 17 , 18 ], chronic pulmonary and invasive aspergillosis [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Burden of Serious Human Fungal Infections in Malaysia

Velayuthan

Samudi

Singh

et al. 2018

JoF

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Fungal infections (mycoses) are likely to occur more frequently as ever-increasingly sophisticated healthcare systems create greater risk factors. There is a paucity of systematic data on the incidence and prevalence of human fungal infections in Malaysia. We conducted a comprehensive study to estimate the burden of serious fungal infections in Malaysia. Our study showed that recurrent vaginal candidiasis (>4 episodes/year) was the most common of all cases with a diagnosis of candidiasis (n = 501,138). Oesophageal candidiasis (n = 5850) was most predominant among individuals with HIV infection. Candidemia incidence (n = 1533) was estimated in hospitalized individuals, some receiving treatment for cancer (n = 1073), and was detected also in individuals admitted to intensive care units (ICU) (n = 460). In adults with asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) was the second most common respiratory mycoses noticed (n = 30,062) along with severe asthma with fungal sensitization (n = 39,628). Invasive aspergillosis was estimated in 184 cases undergoing anti-cancer treatment and 834 ICU cases. Cryptococcal meningitis was diagnosed in 700 subjects with HIV/AIDS and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonitis (PCP) in 1286 subjects with underlying HIV disease. The present study indicates that at least 590,214 of the Malaysian population (1.93%) is affected by a serious fungal infection annually. This problem is serious enough to warrant the further epidemiological studies to estimate the burden of human fungal infections in Malaysia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Burden of Serious Human Fungal Infections in Malaysia

Velayuthan

Samudi

Singh

et al. 2018

JoF

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“…[ 4 ] In immunocompetent individuals, it is usually self-limiting or localized, whereas in patients with AIDS it occurs in the disseminated form in 95% of the cases. [ 5 ] Histoplasmosis as a cause of isolated lymphadenopathy is uncommon, particularly in India where tuberculosis is the leading cause in most cases. The most common organ affected by histoplasmosis is the lung followed by other organs such as the skin, oral cavity, adrenal, liver, and central nervous system (CNS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoplasmosis presenting as isolated cervical lymphadenopathy: A rare presentation

Mishra

Ramamurthy

Behera

2015

J Cytol

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Histoplasmosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by inhaling the spores of a fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum. Disseminated histoplasmosis is the most common form associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Here, we report a case of histoplasmosis presenting as isolated cervical lymphadenopathy in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient diagnosed by a less invasive method (fine-needle aspiration cytology) and confirmed by fungal culture of fine-needle aspiration material. Due to varied and nonspecific clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis, most of the infections are misdiagnosed or underreported. It has to be considered in differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy, particularly in immunocompromised patients so that patients can be treated medically at an early stage before dissemination occurs and unnecessary surgery can be avoided. Here, we present this case because of its rare presentation as isolated cervical lymphadenopathy and classical cytological picture.

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“…Severity of illness after inhalational exposure to H. capsulatum varies depending on the intensity of exposure and the immunity of the host. The most common presentation is as a disseminated disease and only rarely does the disease manifests as a localized one . Herein, we report a case of a diabetic male who presented with isolated unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%