Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis in a Southern Two-Toed Sloth (Choloepus didactylus)

Paracoccidioides Species Complex: Ecology, Phylogeny, Sexual Reproduction, and Virulence

“…Isolation of P. brasiliensis directly from its saprobic form has proved to be difficult. However, the fungus has been repeatedly cultured from the armadillo species Dasypus novemcinctus and Cabassous centralis in endemic PCM areas [12], [13] and, in unique cases, from dogs and two-toed sloths [14], [15]. Additional evidence of the infection of several wild and domestic animals has also been provided by intradermal, serological, histopathological, and molecular tests, revealing a broad distribution and adaptation to mammalian hosts [16].…”

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

“…The infection of domestic and wild animals by P. brasiliensis occurs frequently as reported in several epidemiological studies with dogs, horses, cattle, sheep, chickens, goats coati‐mundi, felines, monkeys and armadillos, although natural disease was reported only in two dogs, a cat and a southern two‐toed sloth …”

“…8 The infection of domestic and wild animals by P. brasiliensis occurs frequently as reported in several epidemiological studies with dogs, [9][10][11][12] horses, 13 cattle, 14 sheep, 15 chickens, 16 goats 17 coati-mundi, felines, monkeys 18,19 and armadillos, 20,21 although natural disease was reported only in two dogs, 22,23 a cat 24 and a southern two-toed sloth. 25 The first study of experimental PCM in domestic animals was reported by Pereira and Vianna [26] in 1911. The authors inoculated different animal species such as dogs, cats, goats, rabbits, rats, marmosets and pigeons, with pus from a patient that died of PCM and all animals, except the pigeons, developed the disease.…”

Infection byHistoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcusspp. andParacoccidioides brasiliensisin bats collected in urban areas

“…Histoplasmosis has been reported in dogs and cats worldwide, mainly from Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum , with horses being found to be affected by H. capsulatum variety farciminosum , mainly in Africa (Scantlebury et al., ). Paracoccidioidomycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in animals has been reported in domestic and wild species (Bagagli et al., ; Richini‐Pereira et al., ; Teles et al., ), but spontaneous cases of the disease have been reported only in dogs (Farias et al., ; Headley et al., ; Ricci et al., ) and sloths (Trejo‐Chávez, Ramírez‐Romero, Ancer‐Rodríguez, Nevárez‐Garza, & Rodríguez‐Tovar, ). P. lutzii infection has never been reported in bats; to date, infection in animals by P. lutzii has been observed in dogs, horses and wild animals, by serological tests, from State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Mendes et al., ).…”