Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis with malignant change, in a male

Abstract

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple leiomyomas scattered throughout the peritoneal cavity. Until this report DPL had been observed only in women and there is only one previous case with malignant change. A case of DPL in a male, complicated by sarcomatous transformation is reported. DPL has a definite malignant potential; patients with the disease should be followed closely for signs of progression.

Intraosseous leiomyoma of the neck of the femur

“…This condition in women of child bearing years sometimes resembles a malignant peritoneal dissemination, especially if there are multiple nodules found in the abdominal cavity. Usually the clinical course is that of a benign lesion [ 1,5,6]. Of 40 cases documented in the literature only 3 proved malignant, in one case accompanied by widespread skeletal dissemination [7,8,9].…”

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata complicated by sarcomatous transformation and ovarian torsion: presentation of two cases and review of the literature

“…However, some cases of LPD may present a diagnostic challenge to the pathologist and require electron microscopic examination to distinguish regressing LPD from sarcoma [7]. In some cases, such as our case 1, LPD undergoes sarcomatous transformation that is characterized by cytologic atypia and increased mitotic activity [14][15][16].…”

“…However, LPD has been diagnosed in postmenopausal women [5,10,11] and in a man [15]. Although many of the documented cases of LPD have been discovered incidentally during surgery, patients may present with symptoms such as discomfort, urinary frequency due to mass effect on the bladder, and gastrointestinal bleeding and peritonitis following erosion of the LPD implant into the bowel wall [7,11,14,16,18].…”

“…Since the first report by Willson and Peale in 1952 [2], there have been approximately 60 cases reported in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Most cases occur in women in the reproductive age group and are often associated with pregnancy or oral contraceptive use, although there have been a few reports of LPD Correspondence to: A. S. Fulcher in postmenopausal women and one report in a man [5,10,11,15]. Although LPD may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during cesarean section, laparotomy, or laparoscopy, LPD may occasionally be symptomatic or undergo malignant transformation [11,14,16].…”

Pathophysiology and Possible Iatrogenic Cause of Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata

“…However, there have been 9 cases of malignant transformation described and 7 in women of reproductive age [18,44,[56][57][58][59][60] . Of the 7 reported cases of LPD in postmenopausal women [27, 32-35, 61, 62] , 2 were malignant [61,62] , and of the 6 cases of LPD reported in males, 3 were malignant [63][64][65] .…”