Disseminated Toxoplasmosis associated with Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Patient with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Washino, Takuya; Mikita, Kei; Kosaka, Atsushi; Sakamoto, Naoya; Iwabuchi, Sentaro; Nakamura‐Uchiyama, Fukumi

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.08.023

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In immunocompromised patients, acute toxoplasmosis, including toxoplasma encephalitis and disseminated toxoplasmosis, is fatal. Therefore effective, rapid, and accurate diagnosis in which T. gondii DNA is detected in clinical samples is urgent to guide treatment decisions to increase the likelihood of achieving a good prognosis [ 2 , 16 ]. The robust and specific performance of LAMP-based methods to detect T. gondii has been previously demonstrated, largely in veterinary studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, reactivation of latent infection in immunocompromised individuals can cause fatal toxoplasma encephalitis, myocarditis, and pneumonitis [ 1 ]. Acute toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients can be rapidly lethal with estimated mortality rates ranging between 60 and 90% if treatment is not begun soon after infection [ 2 , 3 ]. Therefore, effective, rapid, and accurate diagnosis is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment to achieve a good prognosis [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a LAMP method with lateral flow DNA chromatography to diagnose toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients

Mikita,

Mori,

Komine

et al. 2024

Trop Med Health

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Background Rapid and accurate diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is critical, particularly for immunocompromised patients. Several molecular methods could have value for toxoplasmosis diagnosis, but often require sophisticated and expensive equipment, and as such are impractical for use in resource-limited countries. Our study aimed to develop a new rapid diagnostic test for toxoplasmosis that can be used in developed countries as well as low- or middle-income countries. Methods Common primers for conventional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the new LAMP DNA chromatography method were designed based on a 529-bp repeat present in Toxoplasma gondii genomic DNA. A total of 91 clinical samples from 44 patients suspected of having toxoplasmosis who were treated at several hospitals across Japan were tested using the new LAMP DNA chromatography method, conventional LAMP, and nested PCR and the sensitivity and specificity of the methods was compared. Results The LAMP DNA chromatography method showed better sensitivity and specificity (68.2% and 100%, respectively) compared with the nested PCR (45.4% and 100%, respectively) and conventional LAMP (63.6% and 100%, respectively) methods for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients. LAMP DNA chromatography also has better sensitivity and specificity (75% and 100%, respectively) than nested PCR (50.0% and 93.5%, respectively) and conventional LAMP (62.5% and 100%, respectively) to diagnose toxoplasma encephalitis using CSF samples. Conclusion We developed a LAMP DNA chromatography method to detect T. gondii DNA in clinical samples. This method also successfully detected T. gondii DNA in CSF from patients with toxoplasma encephalitis. This newly developed method can be a valuable rapid diagnostic test for toxoplasmosis in a range of settings, including resource-limited areas like those in low- or middle-income countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a LAMP method with lateral flow DNA chromatography to diagnose toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients

Mikita,

Mori,

Komine

et al. 2024

Trop Med Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The problem of toxoplasmosis in outpatient practice. Part I. Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients

Vasiliev

Romanova

2023

Russian Family Doctor

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Toxoplasmosis remains one of the most common opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, primarily in people living with HIV. An increase in the number of requests for medical care by patients with HIV infection as the disease progresses determines the need for knowledge of outpatient therapists and general practitioners of decision-making algorithms for suspected toxoplasmosis in such patients. The main clinical manifestations of toxoplasmosis in patients with immunodeficiency states, the formulation of a preliminary diagnosis, and the routing algorithm are given.

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Disseminated Toxoplasmosis associated with Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Patient with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Development of a LAMP method with lateral flow DNA chromatography to diagnose toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients

Development of a LAMP method with lateral flow DNA chromatography to diagnose toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients

The problem of toxoplasmosis in outpatient practice. Part I. Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients

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