Disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico

Bossart, Gregory D.; Mignucci‐Giannoni, Antonio A.; Rivera-Guzmán, Antonio L; Jiménez-Marrero, Nilda M.; Camus, Alvin C.; Bonde, Robert K.; Dubey, J. P.; Reif, John S.

doi:10.3354/dao02526

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Recent studies have reported a similar low seroprevalence of T. gondii in free-ranging and captive Antillean manatees in Puerto Rico (n = 30, 3%) and Belize (n = 112, 7%) (Bossart et al 2012, Sulzner et al 2012. In contrast, a higher seroprevalence of T. gondii has been reported in free-living Amazonian manatees Trichechus inunguis taken into captivity in Brazil (n = 74, 39.2%) and Peru (n = 19, 63.2%) (Mathews et al 2012, Delgado et al 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Reports of Toxoplasma gondii infection in manatee species have increased in recent years (Bossart et al 2012, Mathews et al 2012, Sulzner et al 2012, Delgado et al 2013. Bossart et al (2012) reported 4 cases of disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico based on histological, ultrastructural, and immunohisto chemical evidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bossart et al (2012) reported 4 cases of disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico based on histological, ultrastructural, and immunohisto chemical evidence. The affected animals exhibited histological findings consistent with T. gondii infection including widespread inflammation with intra lesional tachyzoites in the heart, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lung, and mesenteric lymph node.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The animal died shortly after rescue plans were initiated, and diagnosis was determined upon histopathological and ultrastructural evaluation. More recently, Bossart et al (2012) reported 4 cases of disseminated toxoplasmosis in stranded Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico. The seroprevalence of T. gondii in free-ranging and captive Antillean manatees in Puerto Rico (Bossart et al 2012) and Belize (Sulzner et al 2012) is low at 3 and 7%, respectively, as compared to managed populations of Amazonian manatees Trichechus inunguis in Peru (Delgado et al 2013) and Brazil (Mathews et al 2012) at 63.2 and 39.2%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disseminated toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii in a wild Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris and seroprevalence in two wild populations

Smith

Waltzek²,

Rotstein³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Marine mammals are important indicators for ecosystem health and serve as sentinel species for infectious agents including zoonoses. Histological examination of tissues from a stranded Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris revealed protozoal cysts in the cerebrum and intrahistiocytic tachyzoites in the liver and caudal mesenteric lymph node. Disseminated Toxoplasma gondii infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region of formalin-fixed tissues. The lack of baseline information on Florida manatees' exposure to this pathogen prompted a study into the seroprevalence of T. gondii in 2 separate geographic habitats in Florida, USA, during the winters from 2011−2014. Serum was collected during routine health assessments of 44 apparently healthy manatees from Crystal River (n = 26) on the west central coast of Florida and Brevard County (n = 18) on the east coast of Florida. Serum was screened for detection of T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies via the modified agglutination test. Two animals from Crystal River from 2011 and 2012 (7.7%) and one animal from Brevard County from 2011 (5.6%) tested positive for T. gondii antibodies. Overall seroprevalence for T. gondii was low in the 2 sampled populations and may reflect a low seroprevalence or animal susceptibility. However, continued monitoring of this pathogen in aquatic ecosystems is warranted due to both possible anthropogenic sources and zoonotic potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disseminated toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii in a wild Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris and seroprevalence in two wild populations

Smith

Waltzek²,

Rotstein³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Little is known of the causes of death or the prevalence of zoonotic organisms in manatees from Peru; however, Leptospira spp. have been reported to cause mortalities in marine mammals (Visser et al, 1991;Higgins, 2000;Mackereth et al, 2005;Bossart et al, 2012;Sulzner et al, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of infection with Leptospira spp. in manatees (Trichechus inunguis) of the Peruvian Amazon

Mathews

Perea²,

García

et al. 2015

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is an aquatic mammal (Family Trichechidae) that inhabits freshwater environments. It is endemic to the Amazon Basin, and occurs from Marajó Island (at the mouth of the Amazon River in Brazil) to the headwaters of the floodplain in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. Little is known of the causes of death or the prevalence of zoonotic organisms in manatees from Peru; however, Leptospira spp. have been reported to cause mortalities in marine mammals. Here we evaluated the presence of Leptospira spp. antibodies in Amazonian manatees. To our knowledge, this is the first report of presence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in aquatic mammals maintained in captivity in the Peruvian Amazon.

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Toxoplasmosis in Wild and Domestic Animals

Lindsay

Dubey

2014

Toxoplasma Gondii

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Toxoplasma gondii is widely distributed in wild and domestic animals. The present chapter reviews toxoplasmosis in wild and domestic animals. Coverage in wild animal species is limited to confirmed cases of toxoplasmosis, cases with parasite isolation, cases with parasite detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and experimental infection studies (Figs. 6.1À6.3). Studies concerning serological prevalence have not been included for the majority of host species. This was done because many serological tests, e.g. latex agglutination (LAT), indirect fluorescent antibody (IFAT), and indirect hemagglutination), have been demonstrated to underestimate the prevalence of T. gondii. Toxoplasmosis in wildlife 6.2.1 FelidsCongenital toxoplasmosis has been reported in bobcats (Felis rufus) kits (Dubey et al., 1987). Toxoplasmic meningoencephalitis has been observed in a 6-month-old bobcat . T. gondii has been isolated from the tissues of adult bobcats (Lindsay et al., 1997b;Dubey et al., 2004b). Bobcats are important in maintaining T. gondii in wild herbivores in many areas of the United States (Fig. 6.1). Oocysts excreted by cougars (Felis concolor) were thought to be the source of a large water borne outbreak of human toxoplasmosis in Victoria,

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Disseminated toxoplasmosis in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus from Puerto Rico

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Disseminated toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii in a wild Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris and seroprevalence in two wild populations

Disseminated toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii in a wild Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris and seroprevalence in two wild populations

Detection of infection with Leptospira spp. in manatees (Trichechus inunguis) of the Peruvian Amazon

Toxoplasmosis in Wild and Domestic Animals

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