“…Numerous authors have commented on the emerging confusion and concern among scholars and librarians alike regarding the proliferation of these journals. In particular, concern has been expressed that the comingling of such journals with legitimate OA journals is, or already has, compromised or even "corrupted" the reputation of OA journals as a whole (Beall, 2012;Bjork, Shen, & Laakso, 2016;Bjork & Solomon, 2012;Butler, 2013;Christopher & Young, 2015;Ferris & Winker, 2017;Gasparyan, Yessirkepov, Diyanova, & Kitas, 2015;Harzing & Adler, 2016;Natarajan & Nair, 2016;Shahriari, Grant-Kels, & Payette, 2016;Shen & Bjork, 2015;Xu & Chau, 2014). Past analyses have included both broad analyses of the characteristics of predatory journals, including longitudinal studies of the volume of articles, and analyses of the journals' marketing, article reviewing practices, and journal longevity, sometimes even including "exposés" of specific suspect journals (Hansoti, Langdorf, & Murphy, 2016;Bjork et al, 2016;Manca, Martinez, Cugusi, Dragone, & Dvir, 2017;Manca, Martinez, Cugusi, Dragone, & Mercuro, 2017;Memon, 2017;Moher & Srivastava, 2015;Petrişor, 2016;Ray, 2016;Shamseer et al, 2017;Shen & Bjork, 2015;Wicherts, 2016).…”