Dissemination of Carbapenem-Resistance among Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Genes, including the Novel bla _{IMP - 65} Gene in Thailand

Abstract

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as one of the most emerging threats in this century. Serious infections caused by this pathogen are often treated by carbapenems which are the last resource of antibiotics. Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) production is one of the most important carbepenem resistance mechanisms and is usually related with nosocomial infections caused by P. aeruginosa . This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of MBL genes and distribution pattern of MBLs producing P. aeruginosa strains in Thailand. Materials and Methods Specific primers were designed to detect MBL genes including IMP-, VIM-, and NDM-type MBL genes. Multilocus sequence typing method was used to determine the dissemination pattern of carbapenem-resistance among multidrug-resistant (CR-MDR) P. aeruginosa . Results A total of 153 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were characterized as CR-MDR. Among those, 31 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates (20.3%) presented metallo-beta-lactamase genes which could be divided into VIM-type (14 strains) and IMP-type (17 strains). bla IMP - 1 , bla IMP - 13 , bla IMP - 14a , and bla VIM - 2 genes were detected. Moreover, a novel IMP-type MBL, bla IMP - 65 was discovered and it was demonstrated to be the unique group of MBLs in Thailand. It was of interest that ST235 was the major ST type in Thailand followed by ST964 and ST111 and ST235 was detected in both MBL harboring and non-MBL harboring strains. Conclusion This study reported the dissemination of MBL gene including novel MBL, bla IMP-65 . This study was also demonstrated major ST of P. aeruginosa which was ST235, followed by ST964 and ST111. Moreover, it is also the first report on many P. aeruginosa STs in Thailand: ST273, ST292, ST621, ST1584, and ST1816 which emphasized the dissemination trait difference of MBLs harboring P. aeruginosa in Thailand.

Carbapenem Resistant Gene of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

“…However, our result was different from a study in Iran and Thailand, that had equivalent frequency between VIM-type and IMP-type (17.5% and 15.6%) and (14 isolates and 17 isolates), respectively [8,9]. The difference may be due to the variation of geographical circulating strain.…”

Predominance of international clone 2 multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in Thailand: a nationwide study

“…The specific primers and PCR conditions for ndm -type and bla OXA-type carbapenemase detection were used as previously published (Table 1 ) [ 17 , 18 ]. E. coli ATCC BAA 2469 was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection, USA, and used as a positive control for ndm -type carbapenemase.…”

Mobile Carbapenemase Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…The carbapenem-hydrolyzing class A beta-lactamase producers mostly belong to ST235, ST111, ST357, and ST463. The KPC-, and GES-5-producing P. aeruginosa clones have been identified in Europe [Spain ( Viedma et al, 2009 ), Italy ( Giani et al, 2018 ), Lithuania ( Mikucionyte et al, 2016 ), Turkey, Germany ( Castanheira et al, 2014b ), Belarus, and Russia ( Edelstein et al, 2013 )] and in Asian countries [Kazakhstan ( Edelstein et al, 2013 ), Thailand ( Khuntayaporn et al, 2019 ), China ( Hu et al, 2015 ), and South Korea ( Hong et al, 2016 )] ( Figure 5 ).…”