Dissemination Pattern of Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Community-Acquired MRSA Isolates from Malaysian Hospitals: A Review from a Molecular Perspective

Junaidi, Nor Syaza Syahirah Amat; Shakrin, Nik Noorul Shakira Mohamed; Desa, Mohd Nasir Mohd; Yunus, Wan Md Zin Wan

doi:10.21315/mjms2023.30.2.3

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

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“…were resistant to cefoxitin, 86% (32/37) of the strains were MRSA, and 84% (36/43) were MRSOSA ( Table 3 ). Molecular surveillance of MRSA clones is important to understand their evolutionary dynamics for investigating outbreaks, propagating precautionary measures, as well as planning for appropriate treatment [ 49 ]. Additionally, the multidrug resistance complicates the treatment of patients infected with MRSA and MRSOSA strains; therefore, knowing the antibiotic pattern resistance could lead to a diminished hospital outbreak, dissemination of multidrug strains, mortality rates, and hospitalization cost and time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of mecA Genes in Hospital-Acquired MRSA and SOSA Strains Associated with Biofilm Formation

González-Vázquez,

Córdova-Espinoza,

Escamilla-Gutiérrez

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and others, except for Staphylococcus aureus (SOSA), are common in healthcare-associated infections. SOSA encompass largely coagulase-negative staphylococci, including coagulase-positive staphylococcal species. Biofilm formation is encoded by the icaADBC operon and is involved in virulence. mecA encodes an additional penicillin-binding protein (PBP), PBP2a, that avoids the arrival of β-lactams at the target, found in the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This work aims to detect mecA, the bap gene, the icaADBC operon, and types of SCCmec associated to biofilm in MRSA and SOSA strains. A total of 46% (37/80) of the strains were S. aureus, 44% (35/80) S. epidermidis, 5% (4/80) S. haemolyticus, 2.5% (2/80) S. hominis, 1.25% (1/80) S. intermedius, and 1.25% (1/80) S. saprophyticus. A total of 85% were MR, of which 95.5% showed mecA and 86.7% β-lactamase producers; thus, Staphylococcus may have more than one resistance mechanism. Healthcare-associated infection strains codified type I-III genes of SCCmec; types IV and V were associated to community-acquired strains (CA). Type II prevailed in MRSA mecA strains and type II and III in MRSOSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus). The operon icaADBC was found in 24% of SA and 14% of SOSA; probably the arrangement of the operon, fork formation, and mutations influenced the variation. Methicillin resistance was mainly mediated by the mecA gene; however, there may be other mechanisms that also participate, since biofilm production is related to genes of the icaADBC operon and methicillin resistance was not associated with biofilm production. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen surveillance to prevent the spread of these outbreaks both in the nosocomial environment and in the community.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of mecA Genes in Hospital-Acquired MRSA and SOSA Strains Associated with Biofilm Formation

González-Vázquez,

Córdova-Espinoza,

Escamilla-Gutiérrez

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Comparative Study of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation among Clinical Isolates and Nasal Colonisers

Murthy,

Mahale,

Rao

2024

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) a noted versatile facultative commensal with pathogenic potential. This facultatively anaerobic cocci lives a commensal lifestyle in about a quarter of the world’s population awaiting a breach in the immune barrier to establish as a debilitating pathogen. This bacterium produces biofilms which acts as adhesive molecule enhancing the bacterial virulence and gives it an ability to withstand antibiotics, thereby causing tremendous burden on the healthcare community in terms of patient mortality and morbidity. This study assesses the biofilm producing ability among clinical isolates of staphylococci in comparison to colonizing staphylococci isolated from anterior nares of healthcare personnel. The present cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Mysore, India. In this study, 50 pathogenic isolates of S. aureus were assessed for phenotypic biofilm production. Additionally, 100 healthcare personnel were screened for nasal colonisation with S. aureus and the colonizing isolates were also screened for phenotypic biofilm formation. Phenotypic biofilm formation was evident among 22% of the pathogenic isolates. 23% of clinical S. aureus isolates demonstrated methicillin resistance (MRSA). There was no significant association of MRSA status with biofilm production (p > 0.05). Out of the 100 healthcare professionals screened for nasal carriage of S. aureus, 30% were colonized with S. aureus. Biofilm production among colonizing S. aureus isolates was found to be 26.6%. Methicillin resistance was a whopping 40% among the colonising strains. MRSA carriage was found to be highest among those healthcare personnel who had worked for an average of 20-30 years in the hospital environment. The Present study showed no significant association of biofilm production with the pathogenic potential of the S. aureus isolates (p > 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant association of methicillin resistance with the pathogenicity of the isolate. In conclusion, the interplay of virulence genes, biofilm forming ability, drug resistance of the isolate in coordination with the host immune status dictate the fate of the colonising as well as clinical isolates of S. aureus.

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Dissemination Pattern of Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Community-Acquired MRSA Isolates from Malaysian Hospitals: A Review from a Molecular Perspective

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

Detection of mecA Genes in Hospital-Acquired MRSA and SOSA Strains Associated with Biofilm Formation

Detection of mecA Genes in Hospital-Acquired MRSA and SOSA Strains Associated with Biofilm Formation

Comparative Study of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation among Clinical Isolates and Nasal Colonisers

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