“…Ma et al [1] or Maizza et al [2] made an extensive study of possible joining methods. More or less successful methods used by various authors to join sintered carbides and steel include, in particular, laser beam welding with [3] [4] or without interlayer [5], electron beam welding [6], tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding [7], laser-TIG [8], diffusion welding [9], friction stir welding (FSW) [10] [11], vacuum brazing [12], high-frequency induction [13]. However, each of these techniques can lead to manufacturing defects that generally accumulate in the weld area, such as pores, cracks, delaminations, unbonded areas, phase embrittlement, residual stresses, and even peeling.…”