Dissimilarities in the process of formation of curiaú, a semi‐isolated Afro‐Brazilian population of the Amazon region

Ribeiro‐dos‐Santos, Ândrea; Pereira, Jaciléa Maria; Lobato, Mario Roberto F.; Carvalho, Berta; Guerreiro, João Farias; Santos, Sidney Emanuel Batista dos

doi:10.1002/ajhb.10059

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Initially, the fugitive slaves remained relatively genetically isolated when the quilombos were formed, but later they mixed with other population groups, including Amerindians and Europeans (Ribeiro-dos- Santos et al 2002;Kiyoko et al 2004). …”

Section: Afro-derived Amazonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies demonstrate that, depending on the genetic marker used, the contribution of African genes in different communities can vary greatly and that the contribution of European and Amerindian genes is significant (Schneider et al 1987;Guerreiro et al 1999;Ribeiro-dos-Santos et al 2002;Carvalho et al 2008), implying that population stratification may be present in all Afro-derived communities studied. Stratification occurs when a population is formed from a relatively recent admixture of subpopulations (European, African, and indigenous, for example) and when the proportion of this admixture varies between the individuals that make it up (Hoggart et al 2003).…”

Section: Afro-derived Amazonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The researchers involved in this study have conducted parallel research in at least six of the seven communities investigated here, using uniparental Y-DNA markers (nine STR loci-data available on the site www.yhrd.org) and mtDNA markers (Ribeirodos- Santos et al 2002;Carvalho et al 2008). The estimates obtained show very high (mean of 47%) Native American mtDNA and very low (mean of 5%) Native American Y-DNA contributions in the studied populations.…”

Section: Differentiation Between Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, various studies have been conducted on Afro-derived groups in an attempt to estimate the contribution of parental populations to the formation of these populations, using classic genetic polymorphisms (Bortolini et al 1995;Arpini-Sampaio et al 1999;Guerreiro et al 1999), polymorphisms of nuclear DNA Silva Jr. et al 1999;Cayres-Vallinoto et al 2003); mitochondrial DNA markers Ribeiro-dos-Santos et al 2002;Carvalho et al 2008) and Y chromosome markers Kiyoko et al 2004). …”

Section: Afro-derived Amazonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Afro-Derived Amazonian Populations: Inferring Continental Ancestry and Population Substructure

et al. 2011

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A panel of Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs) was used to identify population substructure and estimate individual and overall interethnic admixture in 294 individuals from seven African-derived communities of the Brazilian Amazon. A panel of 48 biallelic markers, representing the insertion (IN) or the deletion (DEL) of small DNA fragments, was employed for this purpose. Overall interethnic admixture estimates showed high miscegenation with other ethnic groups in all populations (between 46% and 64%). The proportion of ancestral genes varied significantly among individuals of the sample: the contribution of African genes varied between 12% and 75%; of European genes between 10% and 73%; and of Amerindians genes between 8% and 66%. The obtained data reveal a high contribution of Amerindian genes in these communities, unlike in other African-derived communities of the Northeast and the South of Brazil. In addition, the majority of the Amerindian contribution may result from the preferential inclusion of indigenous women in the African descent groups. High heterogeneity of the proportion of interethnic admixture among analyzed individuals was found when the proportion of ancestral genes of each individual of the sample was estimated. This heterogeneity is reflected in the fact that four populations can be considered as substructured and that the global African descent sample is possibly formed by two subpopulations. 46% and 64%). The proportion of ancestral genes varied significantly among individuals of the sample: the contribution of African genes varied between 12% and 75%; of European genes between 10% and 73%; and of Amerindians genes between 8% and 66%. The obtained data reveal a high contribution of Amerindian genes in these communities, unlike in other African-derived communities of the Northeast and the South of Brazil. In addition, the majority of the Amerindian contribution may result from the preferential inclusion of indigenous women in the African descent groups. High heterogeneity of the proportion of interethnic admixture among analyzed individuals was found when the proportion of ancestral genes of each individual of the sample was estimated. This heterogeneity is reflected in the fact that four populations can be considered as substructured and that the global African descent sample is possibly formed by two subpopulations. Keywords AMAZON, AIM, AFRICAN DESCENT, INDEL, POPULATION SUBSTRUCTUREThe Brazilian population is the product of the miscegenation of three main ethnic groups: Amerindians, Europeans, and Africans. It is estimated that approximately four million Africans were brought by force to Brazil as slaves between 1550 and 1870 (Klein 1986). The distinct geographical regions of Brazil received different numbers of African slaves, being greater in the Northeast and lower in the North (Santos and Guerreiro 1995). The arrival of African slaves to the Amazon began in the mid-17th century (1750). It is estimated that at least 53,000 Africans arrived in the Brazilian Amazon during the ...

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Section: Afro-derived Amazonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Afro-derived Amazonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differentiation Between Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Afro-derived Amazonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Afro-Derived Amazonian Populations: Inferring Continental Ancestry and Population Substructure

et al. 2011

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“…As for five African-derived communities of that country Rodas et al (2003) found 19% of Amerindian mtDNA, while Ribeiro-dos-Santos et al (2002) observed an even higher prevalence (47%) in Curiaú, a semi-isolated Amazonian Afro-Brazilian community.…”

Section: Historical Genetics -Ethnic Parental Contributions In Latin mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interethnic variability and admixture in Latin America - social implications

Salzano

2014

RBT

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Past and present attempts to classify and characterize the human biological variability are examined, considering the race concept, ethnic identification problems, assortative mating based on ethnicity, and historical genetics. In relation to the latter, a review is made of the methods presently available for admixture quantification and of previous studies aimed at the characterization of the parental continental contributions to Latin American populations, with emphasis in global evaluations of the Costa Rican and Brazilian gene pools. Finally, the question of racism and discrimination is considered, including the relation between human rights and affirmative actions. The right to equal opportunity should be strictly respected. Biological inequality has nothing to do with the ethical principle that someone's position in a given society should be an accurate reflection of her/his individual ability. Rev. Biol. Trop. 52(3): 405-415. Epub 2004 Dic 15.

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Polymorphic Alu insertions in six Brazilian African‐derived populations

Cotrim

Auricchio

Vicente³

et al. 2004

American J Hum Biol

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At least 25 African-derived populations (quilombo remnants) are believed to exist in the Ribeira River Valley, located in the southern part of São Paulo State, Brazil. We studied four Alu polymorphic loci (APO, ACE, TPA25, and FXIIIB) in individuals belonging to six quilombo remnants in addition to individuals sampled from the city of São Paulo. The allelic frequencies observed in the quilombo remnants were similar to those previously observed in African-derived populations from Central and North America. Genetic variability indexes (Fst and Gst values) in our quilombos were higher than the reported values for the majority of other populations analyzed for the same kind of markers, but lower than the variability usually observed in Amerindian groups. The observed high degree of genetic differentiation may be due to genetic drift, especially the founder effect. Our results suggest that these populations behave genetically as semi-isolates. The degree of genetic variability within populations was larger than among them, a finding described in other studies. In the neighbor-joining tree, some of the Brazilian quilombos clustered with the African and African-derived populations (São Pedro and Galvão), others with the Europeans (Pilões, Maria Rosa, and Abobral). Pedro Cubas was placed in an isolated branch. Principal component analysis was also performed and confirmed the trends observed in the neighbor-joining tree. Overall, the quilombos showed a higher degree of gene flow than average when compared to other worldwide populations, but similar to other African-derived populations.

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Dissimilarities in the process of formation of curiaú, a semi‐isolated Afro‐Brazilian population of the Amazon region

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Afro-Derived Amazonian Populations: Inferring Continental Ancestry and Population Substructure

Afro-Derived Amazonian Populations: Inferring Continental Ancestry and Population Substructure

Interethnic variability and admixture in Latin America - social implications

Polymorphic Alu insertions in six Brazilian African‐derived populations

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