Dissipation of the Insecticide Cyantraniliprole and Its Metabolite IN-J9Z38 in Proso Millet during Cultivation

Abstract

The dissipation patterns of cyantraniliprole and its metabolite IN-J9Z38 were investigated using proso millet ( Panicum miliaceum ) under open-field conditions to establish a pre-harvest interval. A simple and sensitive analytical method was developed for analyzing residues using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for multiple reaction monitoring of target compounds. The analytical method was validated in terms of the instrumental limit of quantitation, method limit of quantitation, linearity, accuracy, and precision. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of cyantraniliprole and IN-J9Z38 residues in the field samples of four plots, which were treated twice with an oil dispersion formulation, according to the date of pesticide treatment before harvest. In the case of cyantraniliprole in grain and straw, there was a 91.1 and 89.1% decrease, respectively, from the initial residues (14–7 days) to the final plot (40–30 days before harvest). However, IN-J9Z38 gradually increased over time, indicating that cyantraniliprole transformed into IN-J9Z38 during cultivation. The biological half-lives of total cyantraniliprole were 11.3 and 9.4 days for grain and straw, respectively. The results obtained in this study will inform regulation and management of pesticide use for the minor crop proso millet.

Quantification of field‐incurred residues of cyantraniliprole and IN‐J9Z38 in cabbage/soil using QuEChERS/HPLC‐PDA and dietary risk assessment

“…Because of the high toxicity of IN-J9Z38, cyantraniliprole and IN-J9Z38 have been included for MRL (maximum residue level) compliance and for estimating dietary intake of processed plant commodities (JMPR, 2015). Field dissipation of cyantraniliprole in watermelon, pak choi, cucumber, tomato, rice, pepper, corn, and proso millet after foliar application has been reported by various researchers (Dong et al, 2012;Hongmei et al, 2014;Hu et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2019;Sun, Feng, Tang, & Qin, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2019). To the best of our knowledge, dissipation of cyantraniliprole residues in cabbage and soil under subtropical conditions prevailing in India has not been reported in literature.…”

Residual characteristics and safety assessment of the insecticides spiromesifen and chromafenozide in lettuce and perilla

“…Crops cultivated in a land area of smaller than 1000 hectares are classified as minor crops 1 . Although minor crops are grown on a small scale, they generally yield substantial economic profits to several countries 2 .…”

Persistence and Degradation Pattern of Acequinocyl and Its Metabolite, Hydroxyl-acequinocyl and Fenpyroximate in Butterburs (Petasites Japonicus Max.)

“…Dissipation rates of pesticide active substances on or within different plant matrices (e.g., fruits, seeds, stems, and leaves) are important for setting MRLs and various risk assessments (Farha et al 2016). For instance, farmers can use the application rates to determine when to safely re-enter greenhouses or fields after spraying pesticides, to predict pesticide residue concentrations in the agricultural produce for consumer safety, and to determine the time interval required between pesticide application and harvest in order to minimize residue levels (Lee et al 2019a). Therefore, the plant matrix half-life, calculated based on the dissipation rates, is often an essential input factor in various risk assessment models (Caboni et al 2004).…”

“…Despite their small-scale farming, these minor crops are also known as high-value agricultural produce because they generally yield great economic profits to the farmers. However, timely pest control is one of the main persistent issues as only a limited number of pesticides is officially listed for each minor crop (Lee et al 2019a). In addition, pesticide manufacturers tend not to justify the cost of registration testing or the maintenance of pesticide registration due to poor economic performance (Lamichhane et al 2015).…”

“…Therefore, farmers who grow minor crops face difficulties to find suitable pesticides for pest control. Further, unlisted pesticide residues in foods are of critical concern in food safety programs around the world; since 1998, in cooperation with the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), the Rural Development Administration has conducted an ongoing project to select and register specific pesticides for each minor crop by carrying out field dissipation tests (Lee et al 2019a, Lee 2013.…”