Dissociable roles of glucocorticoid and noradrenergic activation on social discounting

Margittai, Zsofia; Wingerden, Marijn van; Schnitzler, Alfons; Joëls, Marian; Kalenscher, Tobias

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.01.015

Cited by 45 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…With regard to social distance, we could replicate in a non‐WEIRD population (the Kenyan Maasai) previous social discounting studies with WEIRD samples (Jones & Rachlin, ; Strombach et al, , ; Goeree et al ; Margittai et al, , ) that generosity towards others declines across social distance. Our social discounting results are consistent with those obtained from other non‐WEIRD populations, including Indian (Hackmann, Danvers & Hruschka, ), Singaporean (Pornpattananangkul et al, ), and Banghadeshi participants (Hruschka et al, ), but they extended previous results by the observation that social discounting was not uniform across all goods and commodities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…With regard to social distance, we could replicate in a non-WEIRD population (the Kenyan Maasai) previous social discounting studies with WEIRD samples (Jones & Rachlin, 2006;Strombach et al, 2014Strombach et al, , 2015Goeree et al 2010;Margittai et al, 2015Margittai et al, , 2018) that generosity towards others declines across social distance. Our social discounting results are consistent with those obtained from other non-WEIRD populations, including Indian (Hackmann, Danvers & Hruschka, 2015),…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The diminution of generosity across social distance has been dubbed as social discounting (Jones & Rachlin, 2006). In a series of studies using variants of the DG, hyperbolic social discounting has been observed in subjects from different socioeconomic backgrounds, including participants in Germany (Margittai et al, 2015;Margittai, Van Wingerden, Schnitzler, Joels, & Kalenscher, 2018;Strombach et al, 2015), the United States of America (Jones & Rachlin, 2006;Rachlin and Jones, 2008;Goeree et al, 2010), and China (Strombach et al, 2014). We speculate that the nature of the dyadic interaction, as measured by social distance, is of equal or even higher importance in communities that rely on well-defined categories of social relations to allocate and access resources, such as semi-nomadic, pastoral societies of Eastern Africa.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Generosity and livelihoods: Dictator game evidence on the multidimensional nature of sharing among the Kenyan Maasai

Archambault

Kalenscher

Laat

2019

Behavioral Decision Making

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This paper investigates whether sharing behavior is multidimensional and embedded in social organization and modes of economic production. It uses a modified dictator game varying social distance to the recipient and varying the resource (money vs. six in‐kind resources) being shared among the pastoral Maasai of Kenya. Results show that both social distance and the nature of the resource matter for sharing as well as their combination. The discussion argues that these findings are consistent with the nature and role of these resources in the pastoral livelihood among the Maasai.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generosity and livelihoods: Dictator game evidence on the multidimensional nature of sharing among the Kenyan Maasai

Archambault

Kalenscher

Laat

2019

Behavioral Decision Making

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“…For instance, (social) discounting tasks revealed that directly after a peak in cortisol individuals are more focused on immediate reward and are more generous towards close ones, whereas this is not seen >1 hour later . These effects were particularly clear when subjects received hydrocortisone alone, rather than being exposed to stress or a mixture of stress hormones, leaving open the possibility that not all stress hormones work in the same direction . Of note, an increased focus on self does not necessarily mean more selfish behaviour, but merely a sharper distinction between whom to offer costly help and whom not.…”

Section: From Cellular Physiology To Behavioural Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 These effects were particularly clear when subjects received hydrocortisone alone, rather than being exposed to stress or a mixture of stress hormones, leaving open the possibility that not all stress hormones work in the same direction. 18 Of note, an increased focus on self does not necessarily mean more selfish behaviour, but merely a sharper distinction between whom to offer costly help and whom not. Also in the realm of contextual memory, cortisol was shown to have time-dependent effects.…”

Section: From Cellular Physiology To Behavioural Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stressed brain of humans and rodents

2018

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After stress, the brain is exposed to waves of stress mediators, including corticosterone (in rodents) and cortisol (in humans). Corticosteroid hormones affect neuronal physiology in two time‐domains: rapid, non‐genomic actions primarily via mineralocorticoid receptors; and delayed genomic effects via glucocorticoid receptors. In parallel, cognitive processing is affected by stress hormones. Directly after stress, emotional behaviour involving the amygdala is strongly facilitated with cognitively a strong emphasis on the “now” and “self,” at the cost of higher cognitive processing. This enables the organism to quickly and adequately respond to the situation at hand. Several hours later, emotional circuits are dampened while functions related to the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are promoted. This allows the individual to rationalize the stressful event and place it in the right context, which is beneficial in the long run. The brain's response to stress depends on an individual's genetic background in interaction with life events. Studies in rodents point to the possibility to prevent or reverse long‐term consequences of early life adversity on cognitive processing, by normalizing the balance between the two receptor types for corticosteroid hormones at a critical moment just before the onset of puberty.

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Social discounting of pain

Story

Kurth‐Nelson

Crockett

et al. 2020

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Impatience can be formalized as a delay discount rate, describing how the subjective value of reward decreases as it is delayed. By analogy, selfishness can be formalized as a social discount rate, representing how the subjective value of rewarding another person decreases with increasing social distance. Delay and social discount rates for reward are correlated across individuals. However no previous work has examined whether this relationship also holds for aversive outcomes. Neither has previous work described a functional form for social discounting of pain in humans. This is a pertinent question, since preferences over aversive outcomes formally diverge from those for reward. We addressed this issue in an experiment in which healthy adult participants (N = 67) chose the timing and intensity of hypothetical pain for themselves and others. In keeping with previous studies, participants showed a strong preference for immediate over delayed pain. Participants showed greater concern for pain in close others than for their own pain, though this hyperaltruism was steeply discounted with increasing social distance. Impatience for pain and social discounting of pain were weakly correlated across individuals. Our results extend a link between impatience and selfishness to the aversive domain.

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Dissociable roles of glucocorticoid and noradrenergic activation on social discounting

Cited by 45 publications

References 47 publications

Generosity and livelihoods: Dictator game evidence on the multidimensional nature of sharing among the Kenyan Maasai

Generosity and livelihoods: Dictator game evidence on the multidimensional nature of sharing among the Kenyan Maasai

The stressed brain of humans and rodents

Social discounting of pain

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