Dissociating Processes Supporting Causal Perception and Causal Inference in the Brain.

Roser, Matthew E.; Fugelsang, Jonathan A.; Dunbar, Kevin; Corballis, Paul M.; Gazzaniga, Michael S.

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.5.591

Cited by 90 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…also found that when spatiotemporal contiguities were compared with conjoint spatial and temporal violations, activity in the right prefrontal cortex increased, suggesting that activity in the right prefrontal cortex is associated with causal integration as a whole. This suggestion is consistent with data of Roser et al (2005) who had split-brain patients perform causal judgments of billiards balls collisions. Causal and noncausal events were randomly presented to either their left or right visual fields, and patients' perceptions of spatiotemporal contiguities were more accurate on right visual-field trials than on left visual-field trials.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…A study with neurophysiological patients supports this claim. Using light switches and lightboxes, Roser et al (2005) found that split-brain patients judged temporal switch-on/light-on and switch-off/light-off contiguities as causal relations only when stimuli were presented in the left visual field. They concluded that the left hemisphere outperforms the right hemisphere at judging such abstract causal events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broca's Area Activity in the Lexical Semantics of Visual Causal Events

Limongi

Habib

Young

et al. 2016

RLA

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From a cognitive linguistics perspective, is assessed the effects of causative constructions on the activity of Broca's area during the processing of visual causal and non-causal events. Lexical causatives (e.g., the orange ball moves the purple ball) describe only direct causal events whereas periphrastic causatives (e.g., the orange ball causes the purple ball to move) describe both direct and indirect causal events. Based on this difference, is used lexical and periphrastic causatives as verbal instructions that directed participants to judge billiards balls collisions depicting direct, indirect, and non-causal events. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and region of interest analysis, is found that judgments of all three visual events more strongly activated Broca's area following the periphrastic instruction than following the lexical instruction, and judgments of direct events produced stronger activity in Broca's area than indirect events. Interestingly, causal judgments were segregated between pars opercularis and pars triangularis. Results are discussed within the context of the linguistic category priming hypothesis, linear ballistic accumulator models, and the hierarchical organization of the prefrontal cortex. Because this our data suggest functional segregation during causal judgments, it is proposed that 44 RLA. Revista de Lingüística Teórica y Aplicada, 54 (2), II Sem. 2016 effective connectivity between these regions is worth evaluating in a follow-up study via dynamic causal modeling of fMRI data.Keywords: Causal judgment; causal conceptualization; lexical causatives; periphrastic causatives; Broca's area. RESuMENDesde una perspectiva de la lingüística cognitiva, se evalúa los efectos de las construcciones causativas en la actividad del área de Broca durante el procesamiento de eventos visuales causales y no causales. Las estructuras léxicas causativas (e.g., la bola anaranjada mueve a la bola púrpura) describen solamente eventos causales directos mientras que las estructuras perifrásticas causativas (e.g., la bola anaranjada hace mover a la bola púrpura) describen tanto los eventos directos como los indirectos. Basados en esta diferencia, se emplea estructuras causativas léxicas y perifrásticas como instrucciones verbales que dirigían a los participantes a juzgar si colisiones del tipo "bolas de billar" simulaban eventos causales directos, causales indirectos y no causales. Mediante el uso de resonancia magnética nuclear funcional (RMNf ) y el análisis por región de interés se encontró que los juicios sobre los tres tipos de eventos activaron más la región de Broca cuando eran precedidos por la instrucción perifrástica que cuando eran precedidos por la instrucción léxica. Por otra parte, los juicios sobre los eventos directos producían mayor actividad en el área de Broca que los eventos indirectos. Se encontró interesante que los juicios causales estuvieron asociados a actividad segregada en el pars opercularis y en el pars triangularis. Los resultados son discutid...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broca's Area Activity in the Lexical Semantics of Visual Causal Events

Limongi

Habib

Young

et al. 2016

RLA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Regarding task performance, Hogarth (2001) and Plessner and Czenna (2008) would undoubtedly call on two independent knowledge systems (see also Fodor, 1985), one covering explicit understanding (including prediction) and the other addressing tacit understanding (including recognition). Data from split-brain adults (Roser, Fugelsang, Dunbar, Corballis, & Gazzaniga, 2005) suggest potential relevance for motion; hemispheric differences were detected over ''causal perception'' of motion (albeit horizontal, not vertical) and ''causal inference,'' equivalent to tacit and explicit processing, respectively. Yet although a ''separate systems approach'' cannot be rejected, it is rather implausible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Everyday conceptions of object fall: Explicit and tacit understanding during middle childhood

Howe

Tavares

Devine

2012

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…In contrast, the intervention judgements undoubtedly require reflective reasoning. Judgements based on perceived causality are known to be affected by quite different types of task parameters than those based on more inferential processes (Schlottmann & Shanks, 1992), and it has recently been argued that they involve quite different brain structures (Roser, Fugelsang, Dunbar, Corballis, & Gazzaniga, 2005). It is possible that causal judgements that arise from more perceptually based processes might not easily support intervention judgements, and it may be the case that it is only with development that they do.…”

Section: Judgements About Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Temporal information and children's and adults' causal inferences

Burns

McCormack

2009

Thinking & Reasoning

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Three experiments examined whether children and adults would use temporal information as a cue to the causal structure of a three-variable system, and also whether their judgements about the effects of interventions on the system would be affected by the temporal properties of the event sequence. Participants were shown a system in which two events B and C occurred either simultaneously (synchronous condition) or in a temporal sequence (sequential condition) following an initial event A. The causal judgements of adults and 6-7-year-olds differed between the conditions, but this was not the case for 4-yearolds' judgements. However, unlike those of adults, 6-7-year-olds' intervention judgements were not affected by condition, and causal and intervention judgements were not reliably consistent in this age group. The findings support the claim that temporal information provides an important cue to causal structure, at least in older children. However, they raise important issues about the relationship between causal and intervention judgements.Keywords: Causal reasoning; Interventions; Time.Given the central role played by causal cognition in how we deal with the everyday world, it has long been considered important to describe and explain how children learn and reason about causal relationships (see e.g.,

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Dissociating Processes Supporting Causal Perception and Causal Inference in the Brain.

Cited by 90 publications

References 59 publications

Broca's Area Activity in the Lexical Semantics of Visual Causal Events

Broca's Area Activity in the Lexical Semantics of Visual Causal Events

Everyday conceptions of object fall: Explicit and tacit understanding during middle childhood

Temporal information and children's and adults' causal inferences

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