Dissociation mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and subclinical psychosis

Cole, Charles L.; Newman‐Taylor, Katherine; Kennedy, Fiona

doi:10.1080/15299732.2016.1172537

Cited by 40 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As illustrated in Fig. 1, most of the studies showing evidence of mediating effects used hallucinations as an outcome and explored trauma as a composite score (Bortolon et al, 2017;Cole et al, 2016;Gibson et al, 2019;Perona-Garcelán et al, 2012Varese et al, 2012a;Yamasaki et al, 2016), while only two (Cole et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2018) studies found positive effects with delusions as an…”

Section: Dissociationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review on mediators between adversity and psychosis: potential targets for treatment

et al. 2020

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Various psychological and biological pathways have been proposed as mediators between childhood adversity (CA) and psychosis. A systematic review of the evidence in this domain is needed. Our aim is to systematically review the evidence on psychological and biological mediators between CA and psychosis across the psychosis spectrum. This review followed PRISMA guidelines. Articles published between 1979 and July 2019 were identified through a literature search in OVID (PsychINFO, Medline and Embase) and Cochrane Libraries. The evidence by each analysis and each study is presented by group of mediator categories found. The percentage of total effect mediated was calculated. Forty-eight studies were included, 21 in clinical samples and 27 in the general population (GP) with a total of 82 352 subjects from GP and 3189 from clinical studies. The quality of studies was judged as ‘fair’. Our results showed (i) solid evidence of mediation between CA and psychosis by negative cognitive schemas about the self, the world and others (NS); by dissociation and other post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms; and through an affective pathway in GP but not in subjects with disorder; (iii) lack of studies exploring biological mediators. We found evidence suggesting that various overlapping and not competing pathways involving post-traumatic and mood symptoms, as well as negative cognitions contribute partially to the link between CA and psychosis. Experiences of CA, along with relevant mediators should be routinely assessed in patients with psychosis. Evidence testing efficacy of interventions targeting such mediators through cognitive behavioural approaches and/or pharmacological means is needed in future.

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Section: Dissociationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review on mediators between adversity and psychosis: potential targets for treatment

et al. 2020

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“…There is also growing empirical evidence suggesting that dissociation mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and the proneness to hearing voices, a finding that has been already been independently replicated in both clinical (46, 79, 91) and non-clinical samples [e.g., Ref. (91, 92)]. In a recent prospective study, Geddes et al (93) found that peritraumatic dissociation (meaning, the extent to which the victim dissociated during the traumatic event), in conjunction with other peritraumatic and trauma-related psychological variables, predicted the onset of hallucinatory experiences in survivors of interpersonal assaults.…”

Section: Evidence To Support the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Attachment Model of Voices: Evidence Base and Future Implications

2017

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There is a robust association between hearing voices and exposure to traumatic events. Identifying mediating mechanisms for this relationship is key to theories of voice hearing and the development of therapies for distressing voices. This paper outlines the Cognitive Attachment model of Voices (CAV), a theoretical model to understand the relationship between earlier interpersonal trauma and distressing voice hearing. The model builds on attachment theory and well-established cognitive models of voices and argues that attachment and dissociative processes are key psychological mechanisms that explain how trauma influences voice hearing. Following the presentation of the model, the paper will review the current state of evidence regarding the proposed mechanisms of vulnerability to voice hearing and maintenance of voice-related distress. This review will include evidence from studies supporting associations between dissociation and voices, followed by details of our own research supporting the role of dissociation in mediating the relationship between trauma and voices and evidence supporting the role of adult attachment in influencing beliefs and relationships that voice hearers can develop with voices. The paper concludes by outlining the key questions that future research needs to address to fully test the model and the clinical implications that arise from the work.

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“…Dissociation is defined in the literature as 'lack of normal integration of thoughts, feelings and experiences into the stream of consciousness and memory' (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986). There has been considerable debate over whether psychosis and dissociation are distinct constructs (Luhrmann, 2017); however, evidence supports an overlap between these experiences in clinical (Moskowitz & Corstens, 2008;Renard et al, 2017) and nonclinical samples (Alderson-Day et al, 2014;Cole et al, 2016;Moskowitz et al, 2005;Humpston et al, 2016). The overlap in symptoms and aetiology of psychotic-like, dissociative, and hypomanic experiences highlights the importance of understanding how sleep disturbances are related across all of these experiences.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are sleep disturbances causally linked to the presence and severity of psychotic-like, dissociative and hypomanic experiences in non-clinical populations? A systematic review

Barton¹,

Kyle

Varese³

et al. 2018

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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The present review aimed to 1) identify what sleep disturbances co-occur alongside psychotic-like, dissociative and hypomanic experiences; 2) assess the strength of potential associations between the severity of sleep disturbances and of the experiences studied; and 3) appraise evidence for a causal link. MedLine and PsycInfo were searched and 44 studies were deemed eligible. Results showed that insomnia was associated with all individual psychotic-like, dissociative and hypomanic experiences reviewed (effect size range: small-to-large). Parasomnias were associated with all psychotic-like experiences; however, there was evidence of variation in magnitude between individual experiences. An eveningness chronotype was associated with dissociative and hypomanic experiences, and circadian dysrhythmia was found alongside hypomania but not the other experiences reviewed. Finally, experimental sleep manipulation studies revealed a potential causal link between sleep loss and psychotic-like and dissociative experiences, although size and consistency of effects varied by specific experience. Future research, using experimental manipulations of sleep to address putative mechanisms, will enable questions of causality to be answered with more confidence.

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Dissociation mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and subclinical psychosis

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

A systematic review on mediators between adversity and psychosis: potential targets for treatment

A systematic review on mediators between adversity and psychosis: potential targets for treatment

Cognitive Attachment Model of Voices: Evidence Base and Future Implications

Are sleep disturbances causally linked to the presence and severity of psychotic-like, dissociative and hypomanic experiences in non-clinical populations? A systematic review

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