Dissociation of hyperglycaemia and obesity in mice fed high fat diets

Abstract

Three groups of weanling male Swiss-/:Iauschka mice were maintained, respectively, on diets containing 4.5 (Diet I), 11.0 (Diet II), and 12.0 (Diet III) percent fat for seven months. The fat source for Diet I was mixed; for Diet II, corn oil; and for Diet III, hydrogenated vegetable oil (Crisco). The animals on Diet II showed significantIy higher total and percent extractable lipid per mouse than those fed Diet I or III. However, the animals on Diet II and III had significantly higher blood glucose levels than those on Diet I. These results suggest that certain types of high fat and/or high caloric diets may induce hyperglycaemia in mice without production of obesity. Dissociation de l'hyperglycdmie et de l'obdsitd chez des souris soumgses dun rggime fiche en mati~res grassesRgsumd. Trois groupes de jeunes souris ingles Swiss-Hausehka out 4t4 maintenues respectivement ~ des r4girues contenant 4.5 pour cent de mati@res grasses (R4gime I), 11.0% (Rdgime II) et 12.0% (Rdgime III) pendant 7 mois. Pour le rdgime I les mati@res grasses 4taient eon-stitu4es par un m41ange; pour le rdgime II, elles 4taient eonstitudes par de l'huile de c4rdales; et pour le r4gime III elles 4talent eonstitu4es par de I'huile vgggtale hydrogdnde (Criseo). Les animaux du r4gime II out montrd, par souris, un totM et un pourcentage de lipides extraetibles significativement plus 41ev4s que eeux nourris suivant le r6gime Iet III. Cependant les animaux du r6gime II et III avaient des taux de glyedmie significativement plus dlevds que eeux du r6gime I. Ces rdsultats sugg6rent que eertains types de rdgimes riches en mati6res grasses et/ou hautemerit caloriqaes peuvent produire l'hyperglye6mie chez les souris sans provoquer l'ob6sitd. Dissoziation yon BlutzuckererhShu~w und Fettsucht bei fettreich erni~hrten 2Pl4usen Zusammenfass~tng. Drei Gruppen yon 3 Wochen alten ,,Swiss-Hausehka"-Ms ms Geschlechts wurden 7 Monate lang mit verschiedenen Di/iten ern/ihrt, deren Fettgehalt 4.5 (Di/it I), 11.0 (Di/it II), und 12.0 (Di/it III) Prozent betrug. Diat I enthielt gemischtes Fett ; Di/it II Mais-Ot und Diiit III hydrogenisiertes PttanzenS1 (Crisco). Die mit Di/it II gefiitterten Tiere zeigten eine signifikante Vermehrung sowohl der gesamten, als aueh der in Prozenten ausge&'iickten Menge der extrahierbaren Lipide pro Maus, verglichen mit den mit Dis Iund III erns Tiere der Di/~t-Gruppe II und III wiederum batten signifikant h6here Blutglucosekonzentrationen als die der Di~t-Gruppe I. Es wird vermutet, dal3 verschiedene Arten yon fett-und/oder kalorienreicher Nahrung bei M/iusen Hyperglyk~mie verursachen, ohne jedoch zur Fettsueht zu fiihren.

Effect of high fat vs. high carbohydrate feeding on the development of obesity in weanling ob/ob mice

“…After 16 weeks, all ob/ob and approximately equal numbers of lean mice were sacrificed by decapitation. A final blood sample and a sample of pancreas for insulin content [6] was obtained and the total lipid content of the carcass was determined [14]. For each week, the mean weight, plasma glucose and plasma insulin of the ob/ob and lean mice was calculated retrospectively after it became obvious by visual inspection which mice proved to be the ob/ob.…”

Dietary fibre, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus

“…Purina chow, or natural foods, e.g. tapioca starch, the crude fibre content is not generally reported, but these diets contain carbohydrates which are fibre-depleted and produce hyperglycaemia (Vijayagopalan & Kurup, 1970) and diabetes (Kramer, Liberman, Soeldner & Gleason, 1969) Obesity Investigators in the Ireland-Boston heart survey considered that increased physical activity protected the Irish against obesity and IHD, although the energy intake was higher (Brown et al 1970). It may be postulated that increased physical activity and increased consumption of starch from fibre-rich potatoes may result in slightly decreased absorption (Southgate & Durnin, r 970) but increased sensations of satiety from increased amounts of unabsorbed protein and fat and unavailable carbohydrate in the gut, thus providing the physiological basis for the control of non-obese body-weight, This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the British Heart Foundation.…”

“…Purina chow, or natural foods, e.g. tapioca starch, the crude fibre content is not generally reported, but these diets contain carbohydrates which are fibre-depleted and produce hyperglycaemia (Vijayagopalan & Kurup, 1970) and diabetes (Kramer, Liberman, Soeldner & Gleason, 1969) in rodents. Fasting blood-glucose concentrations and oral GTT curves were significantly lower in Africans who ate large amounts of lightly-processed maizc (270 g/d) and little fat (35 g/d) than in African students who took their starch largely as white bread (120 g/d) and had more fat (90 g/d), and there were con-…”

Genetic selection for high and low fasting blood glucose levels in mice. I. Fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance and isolated tissue studies

“…In previously reported studies from this laboratory [2,3], it was noted that mean random blood glucose levels were elevated in randombred Swiss Hanschka mice maintained on a commercial 11% fat diet. 1 Some animals in this study, however, remained normoglycemic, thus suggesting a possible hereditary influence on blood glucose concentration.…”