Dissociative effects of orthographic distinctiveness in pure and mixed lists: an item-order account

McDaniel, Mark A.; Cahill, Michael J.; Bugg, Julie M.; Meadow, Nathaniel G.

doi:10.3758/s13421-011-0097-9

Cited by 20 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, the extent to which differences between individuals on early trials are due to strategy exploration versus parameter tuning should be an important target for individual differences researchers. For example, some variables, such as orthographic distinctiveness of list items, can influence and possibly eliminate the contiguity effect (McDaniel et al, 2011) among participants with limited practice, but it remains to be seen whether these variables influence contiguity directly by disrupting memory processes or indirectly by encouraging participants to explore strategies that obscure contiguity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is memory search governed by universal principles or idiosyncratic strategies?

Healey¹,

Kahana²

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

129

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Laboratory paradigms have provided an empirical foundation for much of psychological science. Some have argued, however, that such paradigms are highly susceptible to idiosyncratic strategies and that rather than reflecting fundamental cognitive principles, many findings are artifacts of averaging across participants who employ different strategies. We develop a set of techniques to rigorously test the extent to which average data are distorted by such strategy differences and apply these techniques to free recall data from the Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study (PEERS). Recall initiation showed evidence of subgroups: the majority of participants initiate recall from the last item in the list, but one subgroup show elevated initiation probabilities for items 2–4 back from the end of the list and another showed elevated probabilities for the beginning of the list. By contrast, serial position curves and temporal and semantic clustering functions were remarkably consistent, with almost every participant exhibiting a recognizable version of the average function, suggesting that these functions reflect fundamental principles of the memory system. The approach taken here can serve as a model for evaluating the extent to which other laboratory paradigms are influenced by individual differences in strategy use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is memory search governed by universal principles or idiosyncratic strategies?

Healey¹,

Kahana²

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In line with this assumption, distinct items are not only better recalled than common items on mixed lists, but they are also better recognized (e.g. Burns, 1996; Engelkamp et al, 1994; Hirshman & Mulligan, 1991; McDaniel et al, in press; Mulligan et al, 2006; Nairne, 1988). Therefore, in the current study, if incongruent statements were more elaborately encoded because they were more distinct, then they should also have been better recognized than congruent items in both recognition conditions of Experiment 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Erlebacher’s (1977, 1978) procedure was designed to contrast within and between subjects effects and is often used in the pure-mixed list memory literature (McDaniel, Cahill, Bugg & Meadow, in press; McDaniel & Einstein, 1986,). Therefore, this technique was employed to conduct an ANOVA using list type (pure vs. mixed) and congruency (congruent vs. incongruent).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, many of the effects reviewed by McDaniel & Bugg (2008) have been consistently detected in standard yes/no recognition tests, especially with mixed lists (for the generation effect, see Burns, 1996; Mulligan, Lozito, & Rosner, 2006; for the enactment effect, see Engelkamp, Zimmer, Mohr, Sellen, 1994; for the orthographic distinctiveness effect, see McDaniel, Cahill, Bugg & Meadow, in press; for the perceptual interference effect, see Hirshman & Mulligan, 1991; Nairne, 1988; for the production effect, see MacLeod et al, 2010). Therefore, if the anti-congeniality effect is in the same class of memory phenomena reviewed by McDaniel and Bugg (2008), we would expect to obtain the effect in recognition regardless of the recognition test conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…We tested this alternative interpretation of our data using Asch and Ebenholtz’s (1962) input-output order correspondence measure, which is often employed to test McDaniel and Bugg’s (2008) framework (e.g. McDaniel et al in press). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Putting congeniality effects into context: Investigating the role of context in attitude memory using multiple paradigms

Waldum

Sahakyan

2012

Journal of Memory and Language

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In three experiments, we evaluated remembering and intentional forgetting of attitude statements that were either congruent or incongruent with participants’ own political attitudes. In Experiment 1, significant directed forgetting was obtained for incongruent statements, but not for congruent statements. In addition, in the remember group, recall was better for incongruent statements than congruent statements. To explain these findings, we propose a contextual competition at retrieval hypothesis, according to which incongruent statements become more strongly associated with their episodic context during encoding than do congruent statements. At the time of retrieval, incongruent statements compete with congruent statements due to the greater amount of contextual information stored in their memory trace. We tested this hypothesis in Experiment 2 by studying free recall of congruent and incongruent statements in a mixed-pure list design. In Experiment 3, memory for incongruent and congruent statements was tested under recognition test conditions that varied in terms of how much direct retrieval of contextual details they required. Overall, the results supported the contextual competition hypothesis, and they indicate the importance of context strength in both the remembering and intentional forgetting of attitude information.

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Temporal organization of narrative recall is present but attenuated in adults with hippocampal amnesia

Evans,

Clough,

Duff

et al. 2024

Hippocampus

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Studies of the impact of brain injury on memory processes often focus on the quantity and episodic richness of those recollections. Here, we argue that the organization of one's recollections offers critical insights into the impact of brain injury on functional memory. It is well‐established in studies of word list memory that free recall of unrelated words exhibits a clear temporal organization. This temporal contiguity effect refers to the fact that the order in which word lists are recalled reflects the original presentation order. Little is known, however, about the organization of recall for semantically rich materials, nor how recall organization is impacted by hippocampal damage and memory impairment. The present research is the first study, to our knowledge, of temporal organization in semantically rich narratives in three groups: (1) Adults with bilateral hippocampal damage and severe declarative memory impairment, (2) adults with bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) damage and no memory impairment, and (3) demographically matched non‐brain‐injured comparison participants. We find that although the narrative recall of adults with bilateral hippocampal damage reflected the temporal order in which those narratives were experienced above chance levels, their temporal contiguity effect was significantly attenuated relative to comparison groups. In contrast, individuals with vmPFC damage did not differ from non‐brain‐injured comparison participants in temporal contiguity. This pattern of group differences yields insights into the cognitive and neural systems that support the use of temporal organization in recall. These data provide evidence that the retrieval of temporal context in narrative recall is hippocampal‐dependent, whereas damage to the vmPFC does not impair the temporal organization of narrative recall. This evidence of limited but demonstrable organization of memory in participants with hippocampal damage and amnesia speaks to the power of narrative structures in supporting meaningfully organized recall despite memory impairment.

show abstract

Dissociative effects of orthographic distinctiveness in pure and mixed lists: an item-order account

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

Is memory search governed by universal principles or idiosyncratic strategies?

Is memory search governed by universal principles or idiosyncratic strategies?

Putting congeniality effects into context: Investigating the role of context in attitude memory using multiple paradigms

Temporal organization of narrative recall is present but attenuated in adults with hippocampal amnesia

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