The fundamental goal of this research was to use an environmentally
friendly sonochemical method to synthesize a Fe3O4/CuO/chitosan magnetic nanocomposite. The nanocomposites featured
particle sizes ranging from 50 to 90 nm, and structural characteristics
were thoroughly examined. Moreover, the material displayed selective
photodegradation capabilities with MB, achieving an impressive efficiency
of nearly 98% within 180 min under specific conditions. Notably, the
material’s reusability was remarkable, maintaining an efficiency
of approximately 88% even after five cycles. The possible photodegradation
mechanism was proposed based on the evaluation of energy bands, along
with a comprehensive analysis of the impacts on MB photodegradation.
Concurrently, adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were evaluated.
Additionally, this material exhibited promising antibacterial activity
against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia
coli. These findings suggested that the Fe3O4/CuO/chitosan material could be utilized in real-world
scenarios for environmental purification due to its ability to function
as a photocatalyst and antibacterial agent.