Dissolution of fungal cell walls by a streptomycete chitinase and β-(1→3) glucanase

Skujiņš, J.; Potgieter, H. J.; Alexander, Martin

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(65)90197-9

Cited by 229 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the case of Fusarium solani, in contrast to Aspergillus oryzae walls, isolated walls have a structure which is somehow protected from the attack of a single enzyme. SKUJINs et al, also suggested in their discussion that the chitin-containing wall core, apparently masked by the glucan and possibly other substances, might be imparting shape and rigidity to the cell of F. solani et al (5).…”

Section: Enzymolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Walls of Pirigularia Oryzae

Tanaka

Ogasawara

Nakajima

et al. 1970

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Cell walls were prepared from Piricularia oryzae P2. Lytic enzymes were produced when Bacillus circulans WL 12 was grown with P. oryzae cell wall as a sole source of carbon. Mode of lysis of P. oryzae cell walls was compared with the lysis of walls of Aspergillus oryzae and Neurospora crassa. Activities of j3-1--~3-glucanase, chitinase, and (3-1->6-glucanase were demonstrated in the culture filtrate. Modes of lysis of cell walls of P. oryzae P2 by a single and combined action of lytic enzymes were compared. Combination of j3-1->3-glucanase and chitinase gave the most rapid and extensive lysis.Pathogenicity of Piricularia oryzae, a group of rice blast molds, has hitherto been studied in our laboratory primarily from the stand point of toxins, piricularin and picolinic acid, produced by the pathogens (1, 2).In order to expand the scope of our work on the host-parasite interactions, we recently started our work with cytological and biochemical approaches. Naturally, first contact between the host and the pathogen takes place at the surfaces of both organisms.We consider that the studies on the surface nature of P. oryzae and also of rice plants might give us some evidence which will help in our understanding of host-parasite interactions. Our understanding on the cell walls of fungi is still meager when compared with our knowledge on the walls of yeasts and bacteria.

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Section: Enzymolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Involvement of j3-1-*3-glucanase and chitinase, and especially their joint action in the enzymic lysis of a number of fungal species have been reported (3)(4)(5)(6). 39 40 TANAKA, OGASAWARA, NAKAJIMA AND TAMARI VOL.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cell Walls of Pirigularia Oryzae

Tanaka

Ogasawara

Nakajima

et al. 1970

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Enzymatic and chemical assays. Hydrolytic activities on substrates were measured by incubating enzyme solution (0.5 ml) at a suitable concentration with substrate (0.5 ml) in 0.05 M-Sorensen phosphate buffer (pH 6.2) at 30 "C. Substrates -final concentrations and times of incubation were: laminarin (p-I ~-glucan, Koch-Light Laboratories, Colnbrook, Buckinghamshire) 0.1 %, 190 min; pustulan (P-r,G-glucan, gift of Dr E. T. Reese, U.S. Army Natick Laboratory, Natick, Massachusetts, U.S.A.), 0.05 %, 2 h; nigeran (a-I ,3, a-1,4-glucan, Koch-Light Laboratories), 0.1 %, I h; starch (a-1,4-glucan), 0-1 %, 30 min; cellulose (P-1,4-glucan, Whatman, Balston Ltd, Maidstone, Kent), 0-2 %, I h; chitin (p-I ,4-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine, Fluka, Buchs, Swizerland), 0-2 %, 2 h; R-glucan (p-I ,3, p-I ,6-glucan), 0-2 %, 2 h; S-glucan (a-1,3-glucan), 0.2 %, I h. Cellulose and chitin were used in an acidswollen state and were prepared according to Walseth (1963) and Skujins, Potgieter & Alexander (1965) respectively. R-and S-glucan were prepared from hyphal walls of Schizophyllum commune ~3 5 dikaryon as described by Wessels (1965) except that the Rglucan was not treated wilh hot alkali.…”

Section: H De Vries a N D J G H Wesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of Protoplasts from Schizophyllum commune by a Lytic Enzyme Preparation from Trichoderma viride

Vries

Wessels

1972

Journal of General Microbiology

114

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S U M M A R YSpherical, osmotically sensitive protoplasts were liberated from the mycelium of Schizophyllum commune through the action of an extracellular enzyme preparation from the culture filtrate of Trithoderma viride grown on hyphal walls of the former organism. The conditions for obtaining stable protoplasts were determined. Maximum numbers of protoplasts were released from young growing mycelium by using MgS04 or KCl at an osmotic potential between -12-8 and -17.8 atm in the presence of 0.05 M-maleic acid-NaOH at pH 5.8. Protoplasts were released through ruptures in the wall, initially at the apices, but later also from older parts of the hyphae.There are a number of studies on the liberation of protoplasts from filamentous fungi (reviewed by Strunk, 1970). The organisms described represent all the major groups of fungi, but only one study concerns a basidiomycete (Polysficrus twsicolor) (Strunk, 1969). In general, quantitative data were not given on the optimal conditions for the liberation of protoplasts.Schizophyllum commune has been used extensively for studies on differentiation and morphogenesis (Niederpruem & Wessels, 1969 ;Wessels, 1971) and for this reason we investigated the conditions which favour a reproducible and efficient release of protoplasts from the hyphae of this basidiomycete. The availability of protoplasts may be very useful for further morphological, biochemical and genetic studies with this organism. We report here the effective use of an enzyme preparation derived from Trichodt?rma iyiride for the release of protoplasts from the hyphae of S. commune.Organisms. The strains of Schizop/z~~lluni commune used were 1 he homokaryotic strain 699 obtained from Dr J. R. Raper (Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) and a dikaryotic strain KS derived from the KNIEP stock (Wessels, 1965

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“…A modification of the method described by Skujins et al (1965) was used. Thirty grams of crystalline chitin (Fluka) were mixed with 250 ml 10 M-HCl and left for 4 h at room temperature, then 5 litres of distilled water were added.…”

Section: Preparation Of Colloidal Chitinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of Aphanocladium album chitinase-overproducing mutants

Vasseur

Arigoni

Andersen

et al. 1990

Journal of General Microbiology

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A wild-* strain of the fungus Aphanocladium album was mutagenized by UV irradiation in order to obtain chitinase-overproducing mutants. Mutants were screened on agar medium containing colloidal chitin and selected for their ability to produce large clearing zones around the colonies. Two mutant strains, designated E3 and E12, showed respectively a 26-and a 2.5-fold increase in maximal extracellular chitinase activity, determined in liquid medium with crystalline chitin as sole carbon source, compared to the wild-type strain. This is believed to be the first report on the induction of stable chitinase-overproducing mutants in a filamentous fungus. Regulation of enzyme activity was investigated in mutant E3 and the wild-type strain.

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Dissolution of fungal cell walls by a streptomycete chitinase and β-(1→3) glucanase

Cited by 229 publications

References 20 publications

Cell Walls of Pirigularia Oryzae

Cell Walls of Pirigularia Oryzae

Release of Protoplasts from Schizophyllum commune by a Lytic Enzyme Preparation from Trichoderma viride

Isolation and characterization of Aphanocladium album chitinase-overproducing mutants

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