Dissolution of materials in artificial skin surface film liquids

Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.; Harvey, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2006.05.011

Cited by 116 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Temperature values were selected to span the range from skin at rest to heavy exercise. 26 Simple artificial sweat was used to investigate differences between sweat models; the formulation did not contain vitamin E, had a pH of 5.8, and the temperature was set to 36uC. Simple artificial saliva was used to investigate whether silver could be released if a textile was mouthed (e.g.…”

Section: Experiments 3: Aggressive Extraction Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal exposure potential from textiles that contain silver nanoparticles

Stefaniak

Duling

Lawrence

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Background: Factors that influence exposure to silver particles from the use of textiles are not well understood. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of product treatment and physiological factors on silver release from two textiles. Methods: Atomic and absorbance spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were applied to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the textiles and evaluate silver release in artificial sweat and saliva under varying physiological conditions. One textile had silver incorporated into fiber threads (masterbatch process) and the other had silver nanoparticles coated on fiber surfaces (finishing process). Results: Several complementary and confirmatory analytical techniques (spectroscopy, microscopy, etc.) were required to properly assess silver release. Silver released into artificial sweat or saliva was primarily in ionic form. In a simulated ''use'' and laundering experiment, the total cumulative amount of silver ion released was greater for the finishing process textile (0.51¡0.04%) than the masterbatch process textile (0.21¡0.01%); P,0.01. Conclusions: We found that the process (masterbatch vs finishing) used to treat textile fibers was a more influential exposure factor than physiological properties of artificial sweat or saliva.

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Section: Experiments 3: Aggressive Extraction Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal exposure potential from textiles that contain silver nanoparticles

Stefaniak

Duling

Lawrence

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health

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“…Nevertheless, S. aureus as a species is capable of colonizing humans and must also cope with other innate defense mechanisms of the skin, the foremost of which include the production and secretion of sebum by the sebaceous glands (20,21). Sebum, a liquid concoction of antimicrobial lipids, is composed of 28% free fatty acids, 32% triglycerides, 25% wax esters, and 11% squalene (22). Sapienic acid (C 16:1⌬6 ), is the major constituent of sebum triglycerides and fatty acids, and is the primary antimicrobial fatty acid of sebum (21), which as with other unsaturated free fatty acids, appears to interfere with cell growth by altering cell permeability, uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation or by blocking electron transport (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28).…”

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Role of Lipase from Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain USA300 in Hydrolyzing Triglycerides into Growth-Inhibitory Free Fatty Acids

et al. 2014

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Part of the human host innate immune response involves the secretion of bactericidal lipids on the skin and delivery of triglycerides into abscesses to control invading pathogens. Two Staphylococcus aureus lipases, named SAL1 and SAL2, were identified in the community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain USA300, which, presumably, are produced and function to degrade triglycerides to release free fatty acids. We show that the SAL2 lipase is one of the most abundant proteins secreted by USA300 and is proteolytically processed from the 72-kDa proSAL2 to the 44-kDa mature SAL2 by the metalloprotease aureolysin. We show that spent culture supernatants had lipase activity on both short-and long-chain fatty acid substrates and that deletion of gehB, encoding SAL2, resulted in the complete loss of these activities. With the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we show that SAL2 hydrolyzed trilinolein to linoleic acid, a fatty acid with known antistaphylococcal properties. When added to cultures of USA300, trilinolein and, to a lesser extent, triolein inhibited growth in a SAL2-dependent manner. This effect was shown to be due to the enzymatic activity of SAL2 on these triglycerides, since the catalytically inactive SAL2 Ser412Ala mutant was incapable of hydrolyzing the triglycerides or yielding delayed growth in their presence. Overall, these results reveal that SAL2 hydrolyzes triglycerides of both short-and long-chain fatty acids and that the released free fatty acids have the potential to cause significant delays in growth, depending on the chemical nature of the free fatty acid.

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“…Another of the finger's crucial surface properties is its physicochemistry. A brief overview of the chemistry of the skin surface could be depicted as a mixture of lipids and water covering the SC [31]. But the origins of these two main components are even more complex: sebum, free fatty acids and water owing to the desquamation process, environmental moisture, adsorbed lipids, water diffusion through the SC, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of physico-chemical, mechanical and morphological fingerpad properties on the frictional distinction of sticky/slippery surfaces

Cornuault

Carpentier

Bueno

et al. 2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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This study investigates how the fingerpad hydrolipid film, shape, roughness and rigidity influence the friction when it rubs surfaces situated in the slippery psychophysical dimension. The studied counterparts comprised two 'real' ( physical) surfaces and two 'virtual' surfaces. The latter were simulated with a tactile stimulator named STIMTAC. Thirteen women and 13 men rubbed their right forefingers against the different surfaces as their arms were displaced by a DC motor providing constant velocity and sliding distance. Tangential and normal forces were measured with a specific tribometer. The fingerpad hydrolipid film was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The shape and roughness of fingers were extrapolated from replicas. Indentation measurements were carried out to determine fingerpad effective elastic modulus. A clear difference was observed between women and men in terms of friction behaviour. The concept of tactile frictional contrast (TFC) which was introduced quantifies an individual's propensity to distinguish two surfaces frictionally. The lipids/ water ratio and water amount on the finger skin significantly influenced the TFC. A correlation was observed between the TFC and fingerpad roughness, i.e. the height of the fingerpad ridges. This is essentially owing to gender differences. A significant difference between men's and women's finger topography was also noted, because our results suggested that men have rougher fingers than women. The friction measurements did not correlate with the fingerpad curvature nor with the epidermal ridges' spatial period.

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Dissolution of materials in artificial skin surface film liquids

Cited by 116 publications

References 103 publications

Dermal exposure potential from textiles that contain silver nanoparticles

Dermal exposure potential from textiles that contain silver nanoparticles

Role of Lipase from Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain USA300 in Hydrolyzing Triglycerides into Growth-Inhibitory Free Fatty Acids

Influence of physico-chemical, mechanical and morphological fingerpad properties on the frictional distinction of sticky/slippery surfaces

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