Dissolution Rate of Noble Metals for Electrochemical Recycle in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Shiroishi, Hidenobu; Hayashi, Shinjiro; Yonekawa, Minoru; Shoji, Ryo; Kato, Itaru; Kunimatsu, Masayuki

doi:10.5796/electrochemistry.80.898

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Many hydrometallurgical approaches also require high operating temperatures and pressures, making them energy intensive processes. Pyrometallurgical processes for PEMFCs containing fluorinated membranes such as Nafion would result in the emission of highly toxic hydrogen fluoride 175,176 . The Pt/C catalyst can also be recovered using a chemical recovery process after carbon-based supports are incinerated 175,176 .…”

Section: Recycling Of Pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrometallurgical processes for PEMFCs containing fluorinated membranes such as Nafion would result in the emission of highly toxic hydrogen fluoride 175,176 . The Pt/C catalyst can also be recovered using a chemical recovery process after carbon-based supports are incinerated 175,176 . Generally, alloying and non-combustible elements consisting of 10% or less of the total recoverable materials will not detrimentally affect recoverability or reusability of precious metal catalysts 128 .…”

Section: Recycling Of Pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Re-use of the membrane is also unlikely as performance drops in fuel cells are usually caused by membrane degradation or failure due to dehydration and pin-holing, which makes recycling a more likely end-of-life fate for membranes 175 . Nafion membranes are generally recovered using chemical extraction [175][176][177] , after which a new membrane may be re-cast, although possibly with some loss of quality 177 . As with the catalyst, it is unknown whether the adoption of novel multi-element catalysts and alternative catalyst support materials in PEMFCs will affect the yield or quality of recovered precious metals given the current PEMFC recycling techniques.…”

Section: Recycling Of Pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanotechnology for environmentally sustainable electromobility

et al. 2016

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Electric vehicles (EVs) powered by lithium ion batteries (LIBs) or proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cells (PEMFCs) offer important potential climate change mitigation effects when combined with clean energy sources. The development of novel nanomaterials may bring about the next wave of technical improvements for LIBs and PEMFCs. If the next generation of EVs is to lead to not only reduced emissions during use but also environmentally sustainable production chains, the research on nanomaterials for LIBs and PEMFCs should be guided by a lifecycle perspective. In this Review, we describe an environmental lifecycle screening framework tailored to assess nanomaterials for electromobility. By applying this framework, we offer an early evaluation of the most promising nanomaterials for LIBs and PEMFCs and their potential contributions to the environmental sustainability of EV lifecycles. Potential environmental trade-offs and gaps in nanomaterials research are identified to provide guidance for future nanomaterial developments for electromobility.

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Section: Recycling Of Pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling Of Pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling Of Pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanotechnology for environmentally sustainable electromobility

et al. 2016

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“…[17] As the platinum is already immobilized on the electrode, its electrochemical dissolution seems to be promising and would avoid the use of oxidants such as HNO 3 . [17] As the platinum is already immobilized on the electrode, its electrochemical dissolution seems to be promising and would avoid the use of oxidants such as HNO 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Friendly Recycling of Fuel‐Cell Membrane Electrode Assemblies by Using Ionic Liquids

et al. 2017

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The platinum nanoparticles used as the catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent approximately 46 % of the total price of the cells for a large-scale production, and this is one of the barriers to their commercialization. Therefore, the recycling of the platinum catalyst could be the best alternative to limit the production costs of PEMFCs. The usual recovery routes for spent catalysts containing platinum are pyro-hydrometallurgical processes in which a calcination step is followed by aqua regia treatment, and these processes generate fumes and NO emissions, respectively. The electrochemical recovery route proposed here is more environmentally friendly, performed under "soft" temperature conditions, and does not result in any gas emissions. It consists of the coupling of the electrochemical leaching of platinum in chloride-based ionic liquids (ILs), followed by its electrodeposition. The leaching of platinum was studied in pure ILs and in ionic-liquid melts at different temperatures and with different chloride contents. Through the modulation of the composition of the ionic-liquid melts, it is possible to leach and electrodeposit the platinum from fuel-cell electrodes in a single-cell process under an inert or ambient atmosphere.

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“…Shiroishi et al have adapted an electrochemical dissolution method to recover Pt and Ru from PEFCs. 13) They apply potentiodynamic electrolysis to dissolve noble metals from Pt-loaded electrodes using several potential wave pro les and have shown that a saw-tooth wave is 15 times faster than constant potentials are. In order to adapt the electrochemical dissolution method to actual fuel cells, it is necessary to con rm the dissolution of Pt metal from MEAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Dissolution of Platinum and Ruthenium from Membrane Electrode Assemblies of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Kanamura

Yagyu

2016

Mater. Trans.

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To establish a recovery method for noble metals from membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) of spent polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) without the use of strong acids, electrochemical dissolution tests for Pt and Ru from MEAs were conducted. By using square potential waves, 93.2% of the Pt and 98.4% of the Ru dissolved from a MEA in 1 mol L −1 HCl at room temperature when oxidation and reduction potentials were at 1.5 and 0.1 V vs. SHE and the holding times for both were 15 s per cycle. The dissolution of Pt and Ru became remarkable when the oxidation potential was 1.4 V vs. SHE and gradually decreased at more positive potentials. These results indicate that competitive reactions exist in the dissolution process. In addition, the effects of H + and Cl − concentrations on the dissolution ratios were investigated. The dissolution ratios of Pt and Ru were small in solutions with low Cl ). Thus, we veri ed that the electrochemical dissolution method was adaptable to the recovery of noble metals from MEAs and that strong acids were not needed.

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Dissolution Rate of Noble Metals for Electrochemical Recycle in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Nanotechnology for environmentally sustainable electromobility

Nanotechnology for environmentally sustainable electromobility

Environmentally Friendly Recycling of Fuel‐Cell Membrane Electrode Assemblies by Using Ionic Liquids

Electrochemical Dissolution of Platinum and Ruthenium from Membrane Electrode Assemblies of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

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