Dissolution rates and solubility of some metals in liquid gallium and aluminum

Yatsenko, S. P.; Sabirzyanov, N. A.; Yatsenko, A. S.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/98/6/062032

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…For example, gallium penetrates into aluminum, resulting in embrittlement. Barrier metals (e.g W, Mo) or conductive films (e.g., graphene) may help address this issue. In our laboratory, we have encountered few issues with handling liquid metals in contact with common metals such as stainless steel or copper (particularly when extra steps are not taken to remove the oxide), but this does not mean it will be reliable over the long term in real devices.…”

Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals

2017

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can be patterned into non-spherical shapes using both conventional and unconventional methods to form highly conductive, durable, and stretchable wires, interconnects, and antennas. The deformation limits of conductors formed with liquid metal are only limited -in principle -by the mechanical properties of the encasing material. The geometrical changes to the metal during deformation can be harnessed to form softer-than-skin sensors of strain and touch. Liquid metals can also be utilized as active components in memory devices, diodes, electrodes, and capacitors built entirely from soft materials. In addition, liquid metals can form circuits that are self-healing and shape-reconfigurable.There are many exciting and promising applications that harness the unique properties of liquid metals. Recent advances, opportunities, and challenges with liquid metals based on gallium within the context of stretchable and soft electronics are discussed here.

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Section: Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals

2017

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“…As explained in detail by Yatsenko et al [25], when there is no formation of intermetallic layer, the dissolution of zirconium in liquid aluminum consists in breakdown of metallic bonds holding atoms on the surface of solid zirconium and their replacement by bonds between atoms in the liquid phase. The second stage is the removal of the reaction products from the solid/liquid interface into the bulk of the liquid aluminum bath.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…According to this description, the dissolution process of solid in liquid aluminum can be described by the Nernst-Shchukarev equation (commonly used, see e.g. [23], [25]) :…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical evaluation of experimental data of solution enthalpy of zirconium in liquid aluminum

Barrachin

Gajavalli

Decreton

et al. 2019

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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The aim of the present paper is to propose a new interpretation of the zirconium dissolution in liquid aluminum calorimetry experiments performed in the past in order to reconcile some apparently contradictory results and observations. It is supported by the development of a dissolution kinetics model. We show that probably most of the experiments interpreted in terms of dissolution must be considered in terms of (partial or total) transformation of zirconium into zirconium aluminide (Al 3 Zr). In addition, on the basis of the developed model, we propose some recommendations in terms of experimental conditions to improve the dissolution process. These recommendations are consistent with some empirical rules derived in the past. It also puts in question past standard enthalpy measurements of some compounds in the Cu-Zr, Ni-Zr, Co-Zr and U-Zr systems.

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“…It is further assumed here that activity is the same as solubility. This assumption has been proven correct as long as the solubility < 2 at% (Yatsenko et al, 2008). The chemical potential of metal in liquid gallium is calculated via…”

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confidence: 99%

Supported Molten Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Separation

Datta¹,

Hua²,

Yen³

et al. 2013

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We describe here our results on the feasibility of a novel dense metal membrane for hydrogen separation: Supported Molten Metal Membrane, or SMMM. 1 The goal in this work was to develop these new membranes based on supporting thin films of low-melting, nonprecious group metals, e.g., tin (Sn), indium (In), gallium (Ga), or their alloys, to provide a flux and selectivity of hydrogen that rivals the conventional but substantially more expensive palladium (Pd) or Pd alloy membranes, which are susceptible to poisoning by the many species in the coal-derived syngas, and further possess inadequate stability and limited operating temperature range. The novelty of the technology presented numerous challenges during the course of this project, however, mainly in the selection of appropriate supports, and in the fabrication of a stable membrane. While the wetting instability of the SMMM remains an issue, we did develop an adequate understanding of the interaction between molten metal films with porous supports that we were able to find appropriate supports. Thus, our preliminary results indicate that the Ga/SiC SMMM at 550 ºC has a permeance that is an order of magnitude higher than that of Pd, and exceeds the 2015 DOE target.To make practical SMM membranes, however, further improving the stability of the molten metal membrane is the next goal. For this, it is important to better understand the change in molten metal surface tension and contact angle as a function of temperature and gas-phase composition. A thermodynamic theory was, thus, developed, 2 that is not only able to explain this change in the liquid-gas surface tension, but also the change in the solid-liquid surface tension as well as the contact angle. This fundamental understanding has allowed us to determine design characteristics to maintain stability in the face of changing gas composition. These designs are being developed. For further progress, it is also important to understand the nature of solution and permeation process in these molten metal membranes. For this, a comprehensive microkinetic model was developed for hydrogen permeation in dense metal membranes, and tested against data for Pd membrane over a broad range of temperatures.3 It is planned to obtain theoretical and experimental estimates of the parameters to corroborate the model against experimental results for SMMM.1 Datta, R., and Yen, P.-S., "Hydrogen Separation Membrane," Patent Application filed (2013). 2 Yen, P.-S., and Datta, R., "Butler-Sugimoto Monomolecular Bilayer Interface Model: The Effect of Oxygen on the Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal and its Wetting of a Ceramic," submitted to J. Colloid & Interf. Sci. (2014 References …………………………………………………………….…………………39 5 MotivationThe defining challenge of our time is to find a way to meet the growing need for energy of an increasingly populous and prosperous world without putting the planet in peril. The solution will undoubtedly involve a combination of energy sources. Nonetheless, hydrogen, whether from fossil or renewable r...

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Dissolution rates and solubility of some metals in liquid gallium and aluminum

Cited by 29 publications

References 1 publication

Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals

Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals

Critical evaluation of experimental data of solution enthalpy of zirconium in liquid aluminum

Supported Molten Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Separation

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