“…In 38 addition, when high doses of lipophilic active pharmaceutical 39 ingredients are employed, e.g., in extended-release dosage forms, 40 developing discriminatory dissolution tests becomes challenging. 41 Other types of compendial dissolution apparatuses have therefore 42 been proposed for the in vitro dissolution testing of oral dosage 43 forms containing poorly water-soluble drugs (Brown et al, 2011;44 Nicolaides et al, 2000Nicolaides et al, , 2001Fotaki and Reppas, 2005;Fotaki et al, 45 2009; Jantratid et al, 2009;Kostewicz et al, 2002;Garbacz and 46 Klein, 2012). Of these apparatuses, the flow-through cell apparatus, the USP Apparatus 4 (The USP 37-NF 32, 2014), has drawn much 48 attention in pharmaceutical industry, as it enables the continuous 49 supply of fresh medium in open-loop configuration or the 50 application of a sufficient volume of medium to maintain sink 51 conditions in closed-loop configuration.…”