Dissolved ATP turnover in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica during a spring bloom

Nawrocki, MP; Karl, D. M.

doi:10.3354/meps057035

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…They are obviously of biological origin and it has been suggested that peak production (and hydrolysis) occurs during algal blooms, at least in Antarctic marine waters. [57] Both 5 0 -ATP and 5 0 -AMP will adsorb to iron minerals, but to a lesser extent than orthophosphate. [50] The adsorption involves a two-step process: it has been postulated that the first (rapid) step involves surface adsorption, followed by a slower migration into the interior of the particle.…”

Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 0 -ATP and 5 0 -GTP were identified by the luciferinluciferase bioluminescence reaction with pre-concentration on Mg(OH) 2 [ 55] ; 5 0 -ATP has also been pre-concentrated using charcoal. [57] cAMP has been determined in lake waters [56] using the Gilman protein binding assay. [58] Monophosphate nucleotides including 3 0 -AMP, 5 0 -AMP, cAMP, 5 0 -GTP, cytidine 5 0 -monophosphate and uridine 5 0 -monophosphate have been identified, but not quantified, in lake sediments from Sweden using liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectroscopy.…”

Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic phosphorus in the aquatic environment

Baldwin¹

2013

Environ. Chem.

104

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Environmental context. Organic phosphorus can be one of the major fractions of phosphorus in many aquatic ecosystems. This paper discusses the distribution, cycling and ecological significance of five major classes of organic P in the aquatic environment and discusses several principles to guide organic P research into the future.Abstract. Organic phosphorus can be one of the major fractions of phosphorus in many aquatic ecosystems. Unfortunately, in many studies the 'organic' P fraction is operationally defined. However, there are an increasing number of studies where the organic P species have been structurally characterised -in part because of the adoption of 31 P NMR spectroscopic techniques. There are five classes of organic P species that have been specifically identified in the aquatic environment -nucleic acids, other nucleotides, inositol phosphates, phospholipids and phosphonates. This paper explores the identification, quantification, biogeochemical cycling and ecological significance of these organic P compounds. Based on this analysis, the paper then identifies a number of principles which could guide the research of organic P into the future. There is an ongoing need to develop methods for quickly and accurately identifying and quantifying organic P species in the environment. The types of ecosystems in which organic P dynamics are studied needs to be expanded; flowing waters, floodplains and small wetlands are currently all under-represented in the literature. While enzymatic hydrolysis is an important transformation pathway for the breakdown of organic P, more effort needs to be directed towards studying other potential transformation pathways. Similarly effort should be directed to estimating the rates of transformations, not simply reporting on the concentrations. And finally, further work is needed in elucidating other roles of organic P in the environment other than simply a source of P to aquatic organisms.

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Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic phosphorus in the aquatic environment

Baldwin¹

2013

Environ. Chem.

104

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“…Azam & Hodson (1977) first developed a method for the measurement of D-ATP in seawater using a mixture of activated charcoal and celite as an adsorption matrix, ammonicalethanol solvent elution to desalt and evaporation to concentrate D-ATP prior to measurement by firefly bioluminescence. This method has been applied only rarely in marine ecological studies (Hodson et al 1981a, McGrath & Sullivan 1981, Nawrocki & Karl 1989, despite the potential of D-ATP as a model compound. These studies were all conducted in relatively nutrient-rich, high-productivity regions with P-ATP concentrations ranging from 400 to > 2000 pM and D-ATP commonly well above 200 pM.…”

Section: D-atp Uptake and Turnover As Measured By 3 H-atpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dissolved adenosine-5'-triphosphate (D-ATP) has been reported to occur in a wide variety of aquatic habitats ranging from eutrophic, freshwater lakes to temperate, marine coastal regions and Antarctic seawaters (Azam & Hodson 1977, Riemann 1979, Hodson et al 1981a, McGrath & Sullivan 1981, Maki et al 1983, Nawrocki & Karl 1989. Contrary to many other biomolecules present in marine environments, the ability to quantify both intra-and extracellular concentrations of nucleotides gives them a unique position in elucidating nutrient and energy fluxes through the microbial community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of dissolved nucleotides in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and their role in cycling of dissolved organic phosphorus

Björkman¹,

Karl²

2005

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Dissolved and particulate nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) concentrations were measured in the upper 1000 m of the water column during 3 summer and 3 winter months at Stn ALOHA (22.75°N, 158°W) in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In the euphotic zone (0 to 175 m) particulate adenosine-5'-triphosphate (P-ATP) and dissolved ATP (D-ATP) concentrations were positively correlated in summer (0 to 175 m; r 2 = 0.61, p < 0.001, n = 24), but not in winter (r 2 = 0.02, n = 24). D-ATP comprised > 65% of the total ATP (T-ATP) pool in the summer, and ~50% in winter. Dissolved guanosine-5'-triphosphate (D-GTP) inventories were 5-to 6-fold greater in July and August than those observed in mid-June (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 8.0 ± 0.6 and 6.5 ± 0.3 µmol D-GTP m -2 , respectively) and winter concentrations were on average lower than the mean summer concentrations. The particulate GTP (P-GTP) inventories were almost twice those measured in winter (mean 1.1 ± 0.4 in summer vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 µmol P-GTP m -2 in winter, n = 3). These results are consistent with higher microbial growth rates in summer. Uptake of D-ATP showed multi-phasic kinetic patterns. The halfsaturation constants (K t ) ranged from 1 to 26 nM at D-ATP concentrations of 0.2 to 30 nM, and V max ranged from 0.3 to 1.4 nM d , and the turnover time of the ambient D-ATP pool was estimated to be 1 to 2 d. The P flux through the D-ATP pool could potentially be 5 times faster than that of the bulk DOP pool, implying that P derived from nucleotides may be an important pathway in the P cycle of oligotrophic oceans.

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“…Many cells expel intracellular phosphate during active growth and, under certain growth conditions, P i may be stored inside of cells in the form of polyphosphates which are subsequently degraded releasing P i to the extracellular environment (Nawrocki and Karl, 1989;Maloney, 1992;van Veen, 1997;Hellweger and others, 2003). Lysis of microbial cells, due either to virus/predator activity or cell death and autolysis, also releases both intracellular P and intracellular enzymes into the ambient environment ( fig.…”

Section: Microbial P Metabolism and Phosphoenzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus: Insights from oxygen isotope effects of phosphoenzymes

Blake

O’Neil²,

Surkov³

2005

American Journal of Science

204

252

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ABSTRACT. Geochemical cycling of phosphorus (P) in aquatic environments is carried out almost exclusively by biota and involves reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes. Oxygen isotope effects accompanying phosphoenzymatic reactions have been determined in controlled laboratory experiments in order to elucidate processes underlying biogeochemical cycling of P, and to identify possible reaction pathways for P-compounds in nature. Phosphate oxygen isotope effects are distinct for specific enzymatic reaction mechanisms measured in microbial culture experiments and in cell-free systems. P 16 O 4 is taken up preferentially from inorganic phosphate (P i ) in the growth medium by intact E. coli cells, producing a kinetic fractionation in the extracellular dissolved P i pool. Inorganic pyrophosphatase is the intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the temperature-dependent equilibrium oxygen isotope fractionations between phosphates and water in biological systems, and imprints an equilibrium isotope signature on P i that is turned over or cycled by intact cells. Alkaline phosphatase, a key enzyme involved in extracellular P i regeneration in aquatic systems, catalyzes hydrolysis of phosphomonoesters, reactions that are accompanied by kinetic fractionations and disequilibrium (inheritance) isotope effects in released P i . Comparison of laboratory determined enzyme-specific isotopic fractionations with those observed in microbial culture experiments and in natural aquatic systems, provide new insights into processes controlling P cycling and the relations between P availability and the cycling of N and C. Isotopic signatures associated with specific cellular processes and phosphoenzyme reaction pathways may be useful in assessing P status and for tracing P turnover. Definition of Symbols and Abbreviations

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Dissolved ATP turnover in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica during a spring bloom

Cited by 32 publications

References 16 publications

Organic phosphorus in the aquatic environment

Organic phosphorus in the aquatic environment

Presence of dissolved nucleotides in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and their role in cycling of dissolved organic phosphorus

Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus: Insights from oxygen isotope effects of phosphoenzymes

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