Dissolved free amino acids could be odorants for imprinting and homing by Atlantic Salmon

Minkoff, David; Ardren, William R.; Kaiser, Karl; Dittman, Andrew H.; Quinn, Thomas P.; Atema, Jelle; Taylor, Brad W.

doi:10.1086/728120

Freshwater Science

2023

DOI: 10.1086/728120

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Dissolved free amino acids could be odorants for imprinting and homing by Atlantic Salmon

David Minkoff,

William R. Ardren,

Karl Kaiser

et al.

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2024

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Odor exposure during imprinting periods increases odorant-specific sensitivity and receptor gene expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Dittman,

May,

Johnson

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Pacific salmon are well known for their homing migrations; juvenile salmon learn odors associated with their natal streams prior to seaward migration, and then use these retained odor memories to guide them back from oceanic feeding grounds to their river of origin to spawn several years later. This memory formation, termed olfactory imprinting, involves (at least in part) sensitization of the peripheral olfactory epithelium to specific odorants. We hypothesized that this change in peripheral sensitivity is due to exposure-dependent increases in the expression of odorant receptor (OR) proteins that are activated by specific odorants experienced during imprinting. To test this hypothesis, we exposed juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, to the basic amino acid odorant l-arginine during the parr–smolt transformation (PST), when imprinting occurs, and assessed sensitivity of the olfactory epithelium to this and other odorants. We then identified the coho salmon ortholog of a basic amino acid odorant receptor (BAAR) and determined the mRNA expression levels of this receptor and other transcripts representing different classes of OR families. Exposure to l-arginine during the PST resulted in increased sensitivity to that odorant and a specific increase in BAAR mRNA expression in the olfactory epithelium relative to other ORs. These results suggest that specific increases in ORs activated during imprinting may be an important component of home stream memory formation and this phenomenon may ultimately be useful as a marker of successful imprinting to assess management strategies and hatchery practices that may influence straying in salmon.

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Odor exposure during imprinting periods increases odorant-specific sensitivity and receptor gene expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Dittman,

May,

Johnson

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Dissolved free amino acids could be odorants for imprinting and homing by Atlantic Salmon

Cited by 1 publication

References 68 publications

Odor exposure during imprinting periods increases odorant-specific sensitivity and receptor gene expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Odor exposure during imprinting periods increases odorant-specific sensitivity and receptor gene expression in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

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