Dissolved organic carbon in the South China Sea and its exchange with the Western Pacific Ocean

Wu, Kai; Dai, Minhan; Chen, Junhui; Meng, Fangang; Li, Xin; Liu, Zhiyu; Du, Chuanjun; Gan, Jianping

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.013

Cited by 66 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One showed a subsurface maximum, while the other displayed no significant vertical structure (Figure 2a). In addition to reported μM level inorganic nutrient dilution and DOC additions (Du et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2015), our results further suggested that KC intrusion is accompanied by higher NH 4 + concentrations, although at nM levels. In addition to reported μM level inorganic nutrient dilution and DOC additions (Du et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2015), our results further suggested that KC intrusion is accompanied by higher NH 4 + concentrations, although at nM levels.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…A branch of the western boundary current, Kuroshio Current (KC), intrudes into the northern SCS (NSCS) seasonally when passing by the Luzon Strait (Nan et al, 2015, and references therein) ( Figure 1a). The Kuroshio intrusion (KI) occurs year round, though it varies in magnitude and has been shown to influence the nutrient biogeochemistry of the upper 100 m in the NSCS through dilution of inorganic nutrients (Du et al, 2013) and enrichment of DOC (Wu et al, 2015). The Kuroshio intrusion (KI) occurs year round, though it varies in magnitude and has been shown to influence the nutrient biogeochemistry of the upper 100 m in the NSCS through dilution of inorganic nutrients (Du et al, 2013) and enrichment of DOC (Wu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Besides Vertical Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Ammonia Oxidation Caused by Lateral Kuroshio Intrusion in the Boundary Zone of the Northern South China Sea

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Lateral input of dissolved organics may play a significant role to support productivity in oligotrophic ocean although associated biogeochemical evidences are lacking in the field. Ammonia oxidation (AO), the first step of nitrification that bridges organic remineralization and nitrate, is potentially an immediate responder. By using 15N‐NH4+, the spatial distribution of AO was investigated in the northern South China Sea, where Kuroshio Current intrudes frequently. AO ranged widely (0.001 to 134 nmol · L−1 · day−1) in space and the depth‐integrated (200 m) AO peaked where the Kuroshio influence is moderate suggesting that enhanced AO had occurred due to lateral mixing. Since oligotrophic Kuroshio is characterized by high dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), such lateral mixing not only introduces external DON into the northern South China Sea but also enhances NH4+ regeneration and subsequent oxidation to complicate the conventional new production in the boundary zone with DON gradient.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Besides Vertical Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Ammonia Oxidation Caused by Lateral Kuroshio Intrusion in the Boundary Zone of the Northern South China Sea

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The concentrations and isotopic compositions of DOC in the YBH are unique compared to other oceanic waters, implying dynamic variation of sources, abundance, age, and reactivity of DOC in this marine blue hole. Surface DOC values in the YBH and the reference site are very close to those in the SCS in previous studies (e.g., Wu et al, ) and in other ocean basins (e.g.,Bauer et al, ; Druffel & Griffin, ; Hansell et al, ) (Figure S6). To our knowledge, this unusually low DOC concentration in the 130‐m depth of YBH is the lowest reported value for a shallow high salinity ocean environment under in oxic, hypoxic, or anoxic conditions (e.g., Druffel & Griffin, ; Hansell et al, ; Margolin et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The concentrations and isotopic compositions of DOC in the YBH are unique compared to other oceanic waters, implying dynamic variation of sources, abundance, age, and reactivity of DOC in this marine blue hole. Surface DOC values in the YBH and the reference site are very close to those in the SCS in previous studies (e.g., Wu et al, 2015) and in other ocean basins (e.g., Bauer et al, 1992 ;Druffel & Griffin, 2015 ;Hansell et al, 2009) China Sea. Data from the Changjiang and Huanghe , Northwest Pacific , South Pacific (Druffel & Griffin, 2015), Pacific , and Atlantic (Druffel et al, 2016) are shown for comparison.…”

Section: Controls On the Concentration And Isotopic Compositions Of Docsupporting

confidence: 84%

Carbon Cycling in the World's Deepest Blue Hole

et al. 2020

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Blue holes are unique geomorphological features with steep biogeochemical gradients and distinctive microbial communities. Carbon cycling in blue holes, however, remains poorly understood. Here we describe potential mechanisms of dissolved carbon cycling in the world's deepest blue hole, the Yongle Blue Hole (YBH), which was recently discovered in the South China Sea. In the YBH, we found some of the lowest concentrations (e.g., 22 μM) and oldest ages (e.g., 6,810 years before present) of dissolved organic carbon, as well as the highest concentrations (e.g., 3,090 μM) and the oldest ages (e.g., 8,270 years before present) of dissolved inorganic carbon observed in oceanic waters. Sharp gradients of dissolved oxygen, H2S, and CH4 and changes in bacterially mediated sulfur cycling with depth indicated that sulfur‐ and/or methane‐based metabolisms are closely linked to carbon cycling in the YBH. Our results showed that the YBH is a unique and easily accessible natural laboratory for examining carbon cycling in anoxic systems, which has potential for understanding carbon dynamics in both paleo and modern oceans—particularly in the context of global change.

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“…Through the Luzon Strait, the intrusion of the Kuroshio that carries one of the most oligotrophic waters in the world *Correspondence: pxiu@scsio.ac.cn oceans has a significantly negative correlation with the nutrient inventory in the upper 100-m water column of the NSCS, demonstrating the dominant Kuroshio dilution effect on NSCS nutrients (Du et al 2013). The total organic carbon inventory for the upper 100 m in the NSCS also showed a general correlation with the Kuroshio intrusion into the NSCS (Wu et al 2015). The Kuroshio intrusion is closely related to the bifurcation latitude of the North Equatorial Current as well as the eddies of the Subtropical Countercurrent, which are linked to the large-scale ENSO signal (e.g., Chang and Oey 2012;Xu and Oey 2014;Xu and Oey 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On contributions by wind‐induced mixing and eddy pumping to interannual chlorophyll variability during different ENSO phases in the northern South China Sea

Xiu

Dai

Chai

et al. 2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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The chlorophyll in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) shows strong interannual variability between different phases of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), primarily due to the influence from Kuroshio intrusion. Chlorophyll observations also reveal that significant year‐to‐year variation remains in the same ENSO phase, but its controlling mechanism is unknown. In this study, we examined driving mechanisms for such regional ecosystem variability on a year‐to‐year timescale. Using observational data and modeling results, we found that both cyclonic eddies (CEs) and wind‐induced mixing affect phytoplankton variability, but the former is the dominant factor regulating the interannual variability of chlorophyll during La Niña years, while the latter becomes the dominant one during El Niño years. The underlying mechanisms leading to the contrast in biological responses are attributable to changes in background nutricline depth and mixed‐layer depth (MLD) during different ENSO phases. During La Niña, both thermocline and nutricline are deepened in the NSCS. Thus, wind mixing is less effective in non‐eddy areas due to the deepened nutricline, while the CE‐induced subsurface nutrient anomaly associated with increased MLD is able to control the interannual variability of chlorophyll. During El Niño, wind‐induced mixing is more effective than CEs because the surface wind can influence a larger area.

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Dissolved organic carbon in the South China Sea and its exchange with the Western Pacific Ocean

Cited by 66 publications

References 36 publications

Enhanced Ammonia Oxidation Caused by Lateral Kuroshio Intrusion in the Boundary Zone of the Northern South China Sea

Enhanced Ammonia Oxidation Caused by Lateral Kuroshio Intrusion in the Boundary Zone of the Northern South China Sea

Carbon Cycling in the World's Deepest Blue Hole

On contributions by wind‐induced mixing and eddy pumping to interannual chlorophyll variability during different ENSO phases in the northern South China Sea

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