Dissolved oxygen controls summer habitat of Clear Lake Hitch (<i>Lavinia exilicauda chi</i>), an imperilled potamodromous cyprinid

Feyrer, Frederick; Young, Matthew J.; Patton, Oliver; Ayers, David E.

doi:10.1111/eff.12505

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The reduction of fish habitat due to hypoxia/anoxia is a growing concern (Feyrer et al., 2020; Goldman & Wetzel, 1963). We suggest that the BIW method can be modified to function as an indicator of fish stress resulting from hypoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, mild and severe hypoxia and avoidance for fish have been defined when DO values are lower than 4 mg L −1 and 2 mg L −1 , respectively (Biddanda et al, 2018;Feyrer et al, 2020). The fish tolerance to hypoxia also changes with fish species.…”

Section: Prediction Of Hypoxia Using the Birge-winkler (Biw) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We calibrated the cumulative energy BIW value to characterize the beginning of the hypoxic period, BIW c1 , for each basin and DO thr (Table 3). For example, mild and severe hypoxia and avoidance for fish have been defined when DO values are lower than 4 mg L −1 and 2 mg L −1 , respectively (Biddanda et al., 2018; Feyrer et al., 2020). The fish tolerance to hypoxia also changes with fish species.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Hypoxia in Eutrophic Polymictic Lakes

Cortés

Forrest

Sadro

et al. 2021

Water Resources Research

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Dissolved oxygen (DO) is essential for maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems, thus, the depletion of DO in lakes remains an important research topic (Kalff, 2002). DO depletion can have significant implications across trophic levels, from increasing harmful algal blooms (HABs) to reducing fish habitat (Diaz & Rosenberg, 2008). The main sinks of DO in aquatic ecosystems include biological and biogeochemical processes occurring in both the water column and at the sediment-water interface (Bouffard et al., 2013;Müller et al., 2012). Hypoxia in lakes and reservoirs has increased over the past century mainly as a result of an increased demand for DO stemming from excessive nutrient loading or eutrophication (Schindler et al., 2016). Ongoing changes in climate are expected to increase hypoxia in many lakes by stimulating rates of respiration more than primary production, and by increasing thermal stratification and reducing the frequency of mixing events (Adrian et al., 2009;Yvon-Durocher et al., 2010). Regardless of the mechanism, extended periods of hypoxia can alter redox potential and lead to internal loading of nutrients from sediments (Welch & Cooke, 1995), further contributing to eutrophication, HABs, and deteriorated water quality. Thus, simple and cost-efficient ways of quantifying and predicting the drawdown of DO in lakes and reservoirs is a priority for limnologists and water managers to ensure ecosystem health and maintain water quality standards.A wide variety of tools have been developed to make direct measurements of DO in aquatic ecosystems, ranging from the traditional Winkler titration to optical oxygen sensors. Limnologists have utilized various approaches for quantifying DO depletion rates. These include the areal hypolimnetic oxygen demand (AHOD, g DO m −2 d −1 ), which quantifies DO depletion rates down to 2 mg L −1 , and the anoxic/hypoxic factor (AF/HF, d season −1 ) which estimates the number of days that an area equal to the lake bottom is exposed to anoxia/hypoxia, a proxy of the length of time that anoxia/hypoxia persists (Nürnberg, 2002). More recently, Matzinger et al. (2010) developed the concept of aerial hypolimnetic mineralization rates (AHM, g DO m −2 d −1 ) to include the fluxes of reduced substances (e.g., methane and ammonium) released from the sediments under anoxic conditions. Other current studies have successfully tested the relationship between

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prediction Of Hypoxia Using the Birge-winkler (Biw) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Hypoxia in Eutrophic Polymictic Lakes

Cortés

Forrest

Sadro

et al. 2021

Water Resources Research

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“…Clear Lake serves as the primary drinking water source for a population of about 40,000, the majority of which are economically disadvantaged and tribal communities (Lundquist & Smythe, 2010). At full capacity, Clear Lake has a surface area of 177 km 2 , a shoreline length of 160 km, and a total volume of 1.4 × 10 9 m 3 (Feyrer et al, 2020). The Upper Arm comprises about 70% of the lake's surface area and receives approximately 90% of the contributing runoff from the watershed (Rueda et al, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning up the heat: Long‐term water quality responses to wildfires and climate change in a hypereutrophic lake

2022

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Clear Lake (Lake County, CA, USA) is hypereutrophic and used for drinking water, tribal use, and supports a significant fishing economy. The Mendocino Complex (2018), one of the largest wildfires in California's post‐settlement history, burned 40% of the Clear Lake watershed, providing a timely opportunity to study the impacts of historical and current wildfires on this valuable aquatic resource. Using long‐term monthly monitoring data from 1968 to 2019, paired with historical watershed fire data, we found that for the three largest fire years in the watershed's history, 3‐year postfire median July–October epilimnetic total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were below or equal to 3‐year prefire TP concentrations. However, both median TP epilimnetic concentrations and deepwater temperature across the lake have increased since the late 1960s. Long‐term TP increases were more strongly correlated with monthly maximum air temperatures than precipitation, suggesting a potential role of warming‐induced water column stratification, dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion, and high potential for internal phosphorus loading. Hypoxic occurrences were correlated with higher hypolimnetic soluble reactive phosphorus and TP concentrations, but additional high‐frequency monitoring of DO will help determine the duration of anoxia and its contribution to internal phosphorus loading. These long‐term data suggest that for this large, hypereutrophic lake, wildfires did not significantly alter in‐lake TP concentrations based on long‐term, monthly monitoring and that other internal or external sources of TP may mask any wildfire effects. Nonetheless, our study underscores the value of synthesizing decades of water quality, watershed wildfire, and climate data to build a more comprehensive, nuanced picture of multiple long‐term threats to aquatic ecosystems under global change. Moreover, monitoring and studying fire effects across a wide range of lake types beyond this study will help promote more effective lake management during changing climates and increasingly frequent large wildfires.

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“…Annual fluctuations in fish abundance have been documented for Clear Lake (Winder et al 2010, Thomson et al 2013 and have been correlated with populations of wintering piscivorous birds (Colwell et al 1997), but no recent fish population data are available to compare with the number of grebe nests. Fish abundance is affected by periodic mass mortalities of fish populations, which have been attributed to cold spells during winter (Thomson et al 2013) and hypoxia caused by cyanobacterial and algal blooms during summer (Feyrer et al 2020, Stang 2020, Cortés et al 2021. Fluctuations in the abundance and age class distribution (body sizes) of fish prey potentially affect the population size and reproductive effort of piscivorous freshwater birds (Keller and Korner-Nievergelt 2019).…”

Section: Number Of Grebe Nestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and Recent Breeding of the Western Grebe and Clark's Grebe in a Severely Impaired Ecosystem at Clear Lake, California

Hayes

McIntosh²,

Turner

et al. 2022

Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist

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Clear Lake is a large (176.7-km 2 ) natural lake in northern California, USA. An estimated 1000 pairs of Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) and Clark's Grebes (A. clarkii) nested on the lake prior to massive applications of the pesticide dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) to kill the Clear Lake gnat (Chaoborus astictopus) during 1949-1957. Biomagnification of DDD was implicated as the cause of several mass mortality events of grebes and short-term reproductive failure in the 1950s, although other factors such as mercury (Hg) poisoning may have contributed. Successful nesting resumed in 1960 and increased gradually, with up to 165 nests in 1967 but fewer through 1976. Subsequent surveys revealed up to 390 nests annually during 1992-1995 and up to 2675 nests annually during 1996-2010. We conducted 7-29 nest surveys annually during 2010-2019 and found a mean of 3123 nests per year. The annual number of nests varied dramatically (range 898 to 5936) and was unrelated to water level. The grebes nested at 28 sites in Clear Lake and 9 sites in associated wetlands, with proportionately more nests on Clear Lake and fewer nests in adjacent wetlands during years with low water level. Western Grebes attended 84.9% of the nests and Clark's Grebes attended 15.1%. During years with low water, there were proportionately more open water nests, which were anchored to submergent vegetation farther from shore and in deeper water than marsh nests, which were more densely placed in emergent vegetation closer to shore in shallower water. Brood surveys along the perimeter of the lake at the end of each breeding season revealed considerable variation in the number of young (1-599, x -= 153.9), young per nest (0.00025-0.118, x -= 0.04), and productivity ratio of young to adults (0.0006-0.252, x -= 0.07). Reproductive success was unrelated to water level. Wind-generated waves were a major cause of nest failure, destroying up to 35% of a year's nests. Predation on eggs was also a major cause of nest failure. American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) was the dominant predator during the day (84% of predation events), and northern raccoon (Procyon lotor) was the dominant predator at night (98% of predation events). Nocturnal predation by mammals occurred most frequently when water level was high because nests were placed closer to shore and were more accessible. The grebes' breeding population has recovered since DDD biomagnification during the 1950s and may be larger due to 2 introduced fish species competing for plankton with benthic larvae of the Clear Lake gnat, which previously transferred large quantities of biomass from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems during emergence. However, the grebes' reproductive success remains lower at Clear Lake than at several other breeding localities. The bioaccumulation and biomagnification of toxic chemicals and the periodic reductions of prey fish from hypoxic areas of the lake during periods of intense cyanobacterial and algal blooms may reduce reproductive success.

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Dissolved oxygen controls summer habitat of Clear Lake Hitch (Lavinia exilicauda chi), an imperilled potamodromous cyprinid

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Prediction of Hypoxia in Eutrophic Polymictic Lakes

Prediction of Hypoxia in Eutrophic Polymictic Lakes

Turning up the heat: Long‐term water quality responses to wildfires and climate change in a hypereutrophic lake

Historical and Recent Breeding of the Western Grebe and Clark's Grebe in a Severely Impaired Ecosystem at Clear Lake, California

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