Distal Musculotendinous T Junction Injuries of the Biceps Femoris: Time to Return to Play in Professional Australian Football League Players

Entwisle, Tom; Marovic, Paul; Schneider, M.; Carey, Bryce W.; Connell, David

doi:10.1055/s-0039-1692555

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…More than a third of the injuries suffered by athletes annually are muscle injuries (Ekstrand J et al, 2011;Guermazi A et al, 2017;Isern-Kebschull J et al, 2020). Among quadriceps muscles, the rectus femoris (RF) is the most commonly injured and the third most common site of lower extremity muscle injury (Entwisle T et al, 2019). Indeed, a study on professional female football players characterized the quadriceps muscle complex as the most often injured (Larruskain et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RF is a biarticular, fusiform muscle that tends to carry out eccentric contractions with a high percentage of fast-twitch (type II) fibers. This explains why the RF is the quadriceps muscle more frequently injured in repetitive kicking and sprinting sports (Hughes C et al, 1995;Morelli V and Weaver V., 2005;Kassarjian A et al, 2012;Mendiguchia J et al, 2013;Mariluis and CupitoMamone, 2015;Entwisle T et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring direct and indirect tendon parameters to characterize the proximal tendinous complex of the rectus femoris in football and futsal players

Mechó

Ortega²,

Pruna³

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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Objective: To present unprecedented radiological parameters that characterize the angle between the direct and indirect tendons of the proximal rectus femoris (RF) and its inclinations and to evaluate the population variability according to demographic variables.Materials and methods: From September 2019 to July 2021, using MRI multiplanar reconstructions of the proximal thigh/hip, two blinded radiologists measured the direct and indirect tendon angle and the inclination of each tendon in different planes. The intra- and inter-observer agreements were assessed with Bland–Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The correlations between radiological parameters and demographic variables were evaluated using linear regression, Student’s t-test, and analysis of variance.Results: We performed 112 thigh/hip MRI scans on 91 football players of different age, gender, and disciplines (football and futsal). For observer 1 (the reference), the mean direct and indirect tendon angle was 56.74° ± 9.37, the mean indirect tendon slope was −7.90° ± 7.49, and the mean direct tendon slope was 22.16° ± 5.88. The three measurements showed inter- and intra-observer agreement (mean differences ∼0). No correlation was observed between age and the parameters. Likewise, no statistically significant differences were found for gender, dominant limb, examined limb, and sport.Conclusion: There is an inter- and intra-observer agreement in the measurements of the direct and indirect tendon angle and the inclination of each tendon. There is population variability in the proximal tendinous complex unrelated to demographic factors. These results allow further detection of morphological patterns that represent a risk factor for lesions in the RF in professional football and futsal players and other sports.

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