Distal segment extracts of the degenerated rat sciatic nerve induce bone marrow stromal cells to express Schwann cell markers in vitro

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration In Vivo without Differentiation into Schwann-Like Lineage

“…Previous reports indicated that mesenchymal stem cells, including adipose-derived stem cells, were evoked to express Schwann cell markers in vitro by culturing them with extracts from the distal segment of the damaged sciatic nerve. 14 Co-culturing of the stem cells with neural cells elicited a similar outcome. 15 These findings strongly imply that an appropriate niche at the host microenvironment may induce a Schwann cell-like phenotype in the transplanted adiposederived stem cells.…”

Neuromodulatory nerve regeneration: Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells and neurotrophic mediation in peripheral nerve regeneration

“…Alternative cell types for transplantation have included mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), an easily expandable, multipotent cell population that can be transdifferentiated into SC‐like cells. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are one example of MSCs that have the potential to differentiate into SC‐like cells (Mantovani et al, ; Wang et al, ) and can promote nerve regeneration in vivo when transplanted into animal sciatic nerve defects (Frattini et al, ; Zheng and Cui, ). MSCs can also be derived from adipose tissue.…”

Nerve tÝssue prefabrÝcatÝon ÝnsÝde the rat femoral bone: does Ýt work?

“…The number of BMSCs did not seem to be adequate in the prefabricated bone conduit for differentiation, since it is reported that BMSCs are rare in bone marrow and comprise a heterogenous cell population with distinct features of plasticity (19). On the other hand, a small numbers of the resident BMSCs in the femoral bone might differentiate into SCs induced by secretion of various neurotrophic factors with the existence of proximal and distal nerve stumps (25,26,28) and interaction with the ingrowing axons (24) as long as BMSCs are capable of differentiating into SC-like cells in vivo (3). The fate of resident BMSCs can be clarified in further investigation with immunolabeling studies.…”

“…In contrast to our study, they did not coapt the distal stump to the bone, so neural regeneration did not occur through the bone. It is clear that the existence of a distal stump promotes potential nerve growth by supplying various neurotrophic factors (1,13,26).…”