Distance Extraction by Means of Photon-Counting Passive Sensing Combined with Integral Imaging

Abstract

Photon-counting sensing is a widely used technique for low-light-level imaging applications. This paper proposes a distance information extraction method with photon-counting passive sensing under low-lightlevel conditions. The photo-counting passive sensing combined with integral imaging generates a photon-limited elemental image array. Maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) is used to reconstruct the photon-limited image at certain depth levels. The distance information is extracted at the depth level that minimizes the sum of the standard deviation of the corresponding photo-events in the elemental image array. Experimental and simulation results confirm that the proposed method can extract the distance information of the object under low-light-level conditions.

Resolution Analysis of Axially Distributed Image Sensing Systems under Equally Constrained Resources

“…The ADS scheme can provide simple recording architecture by translating a single camera along its optical axis. The recorded high-resolution elemental images generate the clear 3D slice images for the partially occluded 3D objects compared with the conventional integral imaging method [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The capacity of this method to collect 3D information is related to the object location from the optical axis.…”

3D Integral Imaging Display using Axially Recorded Multiple Images

“…Integral imaging (II) has been actively researched as one of the next-generation 3D display techniques [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. This is due to full parallax, continuous viewing points and full-color 3D images.…”

Simplified Integral Imaging Pickup Method for Real Objects Using a Depth Camera

“…Each elemental lens forms a corresponding image of the object, and the elemental images are captured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. However, when we obtain elemental images from real objects in a conventional optical pickup method, there are some disadvantages in using a lens array [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The setup of a lens array and a CCD camera should be placed exactly, and it should prevent unnecessary beams to come into the lens array.…”

“…Some other 3D technologies have been developed, for example stereoscopy [1], autostereoscopy [2], holography [3][4]. Amongst these techniques, integral imaging is an attractive autostereoscopic 3D display technology using a lens array [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. An integral imaging system consists of a pickup and display sections.…”