Distance orientation of biting flies to their hosts

Sutcliffe, J. F.

doi:10.1017/s1742758400022682

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…It can be further divided into non-oriented flight or flight oriented towards host location and attraction (78). The last two types of dispersal are associated with host-seeking mosquitoes and are mediated by host-derived cues, such as odours (lactic acid, ammonia, fatty acids, CO 2 ), as well as humidity and (body) heat (87,88). This dispersal eventually results in a blood meal.…”

Section: Short-range Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges: vector range and the influence of climate change

Elbers¹,

Koenraadt²,

Meiswinkel³

2015

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

112

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SummaryVector-borne animal diseases pose a continuous and substantial threat to livestock economies around the globe. Increasing international travel, the globalisation of trade, and climate change are likely to play a progressively more important role in the introduction, establishment and spread of arthropod-borne pathogens worldwide. A review of the literature reveals that many climatic variables, functioning singly or in combination, exert varying effects on the distribution and range of Culicoides vector midges and mosquitoes. For example, higher temperatures may be associated with increased insect abundancethereby amplifying the risk of disease transmission -but there are no indications yet of dramatic shifts occurring in the geographic range of Culicoides midges. However, the same cannot be said for mosquitoes: over the last few decades, multiple Asian species have established themselves in Europe, spread and are unlikely to ever be eradicated. Research on how insects respond to changes in climate is still in its infancy. The authors argue that we need to grasp how other annectant changes, such as extremes in precipitation (drought and flooding), may affect the dispersal capability of mosquitoes. Models are useful for assessing the interplay between mosquito vectors expanding their range and the native flora and fauna; however, ecological studies employing classical mark-release-recapture techniques remain essential for addressing fundamental questions about the survival and dispersal of mosquito species, with the resulting parameters fed directly into new-generation disease transmission models. Studies on the eventual impact of mosquitoes on animal and human health should be tackled through large-scale integrated research programmes. Such an approach calls for more collaborative efforts, along the lines of the One Health Initiative.

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Section: Short-range Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges: vector range and the influence of climate change

Elbers¹,

Koenraadt²,

Meiswinkel³

2015

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

112

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“…most attractants and activators), and close range (<1·m) if sensed near the host (e.g. cues inducing landing and biting; Daykin et al, 1965;Gillies, 1980;Sutcliffe, 1987;De Jong and Knols, 1995;Dekker et al, 1998). For hematophagous insects, CO 2 is generally considered to be an attractant only when close to the host (e.g.…”

Section: Sensitivity To Skin Odour and Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide instantly sensitizes female yellow fever mosquitoes to human skin odours

Dekker

Geier

Cardé

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

238

217

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SUMMARY Female mosquitoes are noted for their ability to use odours to locate a host for a blood meal. Two sensory organs contribute to their sense of smell:the maxillary palps, which measure the level of CO2, and the antennae, which detect other host-released odours. To establish the relative importance and interactions of CO2 and other body emissions in freely flying mosquitoes, we presented female yellow fever mosquitoes Aedes aegypti L. with broad plumes of human skin odour and CO2 at natural concentrations and dilutions thereof in a wind tunnel. 3-D video-recorded flight tracks were reconstructed. Activation,flight velocity, upwind turning and source finding waned quickly as skin odours were diluted, whereas in the presence of CO2 these parameters remained unchanged over more than a 100-fold dilution from exhaled concentrations. Although mosquitoes were behaviourally less sensitive to skin odours than to CO2, their sensitivity to skin odours increased transiently by at least fivefold immediately following a brief encounter with a filament of CO2. This sensitization was reflected in flight velocity, track angle, turning rate upon entering and exiting the broad odour plume and, ultimately, in the source-finding rate. In Ae. aegypti,CO2 thus functions as a `releaser' for a higher sensitivity and responsiveness to skin odours. The initially low responsiveness of mosquitoes to skin odours, their high sensitivity to CO2, and the sensitization of the olfactory circuitry by CO2 are ecologically relevant, because rapidly fluctuating CO2 levels reliably signal a potential host. Possible mechanisms of the instantaneous sensitization are considered.

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“…With the grid size of 50 m ϫ 50 m, this implies that the centroid-located mosquito had the (visual or olfactory) perceptual range of Ϸ25 m. No taxis or wind-driven movement was considered. The assumption of random searching f light is consistent with the current knowledge that the f light paths of resource-seeking mosquitoes were zigzag before the receptive f light directed toward the target (37)(38)(39). The mosquito was assumed to search a maximal number, S, of grids per day for oviposition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Source reduction of mosquito larval habitats has unexpected consequences on malaria transmission

Regens

Beier

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Reduction of aquatic habitats through environmental management mitigates malaria transmission not only by reducing emergence of host-seeking mosquitoes, but also by increasing the amount of time required for vectors to locate oviposition sites. However, the consequence of source reduction on mosquito oviposition has largely been neglected in evaluations of environmentmanagement programs. Here, by theoretically examining the relationship between the time spent for oviposition and the availability of aquatic habitats, we show that prolonged oviposition cycles induced by source reduction account for a great deal of reductions in the basic reproductive rate of malaria, especially when aquatic habitats are scarce and the mosquito's flight ability is limited. Neglecting this mechanism may lead to substantial underestimation of the impact of source reduction of aquatic habitats on malaria transmission. Our findings suggest that the prolonged duration of the gonotrophic cycle might be one of the important mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of environment-management interventions for malaria control.Anopheles ͉ environment management ͉ flight ͉ gonotrophic cycle ͉ oviposition

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Distance orientation of biting flies to their hosts

Cited by 45 publications

References 63 publications

Mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges: vector range and the influence of climate change

Mosquitoes and Culicoides biting midges: vector range and the influence of climate change

Carbon dioxide instantly sensitizes female yellow fever mosquitoes to human skin odours

Source reduction of mosquito larval habitats has unexpected consequences on malaria transmission

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