Distance Traveled and Cross-State Commuting to Opioid Treatment Programs in the United States

Rosenblum, Andrew; Cleland, Charles M.; Fong, Chunki; Kayman, Deborah J.; Tempalski, Barbara; Parrino, Mark W.

doi:10.1155/2011/948789

Cited by 136 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Finally, the issue of geographic barriers to the attendance of community treatment was not addressed. As emphasized by Rosenblum et al (2011), among substance-dependent individuals, lower probability of treatment entry is associated with longer travel distances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled trial of prison-initiated buprenorphine: Prison outcomes and community treatment entry

Gordon¹,

Kinlock²,

Schwartz³

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

106

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Background Buprenorphine is a promising treatment for heroin addiction. However, little is known regarding its provision to pre-release prisoners with heroin dependence histories who were not opioid-tolerant, the relative effectiveness of the post-release setting in which it is provided, and gender differences in treatment outcome in this population. Methods This is the first randomized clinical trial of prison-initiated buprenorphine provided to male and female inmates in the US who were previously heroin-dependent prior to incarceration. A total of 211 participants with 3–9 months remaining in prison were randomized to one of four conditions formed by crossing In-Prison Treatment Condition (received buprenorphine vs. counseling only) and Post-release Service Setting (at an opioid treatment center vs. a community health center). Outcome measures were: entered prison treatment; completed prison treatment; and entered community treatment 10 days post-release. Results There was a significant main effect (p=.006) for entering prison treatment favoring the In-Prison buprenorphine Treatment Condition (99.0% vs. 80.4%). Regarding completing prison treatment, the only significant effect was Gender, with women significantly (p<.001) more likely to complete than men (85.7% vs. 52.7%). There was a significant main effect (p=.012) for community treatment entry, favoring the In-Prison buprenorphine Treatment Condition (47.5% vs. 33.7%). Conclusions Buprenorphine appears feasible and acceptable to prisoners who were not opioid-tolerant and can facilitate community treatment entry. However, concerns remain with in-prison treatment termination due to attempted diversion of medication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled trial of prison-initiated buprenorphine: Prison outcomes and community treatment entry

Gordon¹,

Kinlock²,

Schwartz³

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

106

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“…Similarly, the above studies took place in predominantly urban areas (i.e., New York City; Baltimore, Maryland; Oslo, Norway). It is important to examine the efficacy of interim treatment in the rural and suburban areas where access to maintenance can be especially limited (Fortney & Booth, 2001; Havens et al, 2007; Lenardson & Gale, 2008; Rosenblum et al, 2011; Rounsaville & Kosten, 2000; Sigmon, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interim treatment: Bridging delays to opioid treatment access

Sigmon

2015

Preventive Medicine

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Objective Despite the undisputed effectiveness of agonist maintenance for opioid dependence, individuals can remain on waitlists for months, during which they are at significant risk for morbidity and mortality. To mitigate these risks, the Food and Drug Administration in 1993 approved interim treatment, involving daily medication + emergency counseling only, when only a waitlist is otherwise available. We review the published research in the 20 years since the approval of interim opioid treatment. Methods A literature search was conducted to identify all randomized trials evaluating the efficacy of interim treatment for opioid-dependent patients awaiting comprehensive treatment. Results Interim opioid treatment has been evaluated in four controlled trials to date. In three, interim treatment was compared to waitlist or placebo control conditions and produced greater outcomes on measures of illicit opioid use, retention, criminality and likelihood of entry into comprehensive treatment. In the fourth, interim treatment was compared to standard methadone maintenance and produced comparable outcomes in illicit opioid use, retention and criminal activity. Conclusions Interim treatment significantly reduces patient and societal risks when conventional treatment is unavailable. Further research is needed to examine the generality of these findings, further enhance outcomes, and identify the patient characteristics which predict treatment response.

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“…Neither living closer to a facility nor in an area with more facilities impacted the likelihood of ever having sought or received treatment among our participants. Previous research has shown that the average distance traveled by patients to Opioid treatment programs was 15 miles, sometimes requiring travel across state borders (Rosenblum et al, 2011). It is possible that many of our participants did not seek services at a nearby facility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, since administrative boundaries are arbitrarily drawn and also permeable, individuals are not limited to the services within certain geographies, but instead, often travel across these lines in order to access services or other resources. As mentioned before, evidence has shown that many individuals may travel long distances and sometimes across state boundaries to seek drug treatment services (Rosenblum, et al, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial accessibility of drug treatment facilities and the effects on locus of control, drug use, and service use among heroin-injecting Mexican American men

Kao

Torres

Guerrero

et al. 2014

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background This study explores the spatial accessibility of outpatient drug treatment facilities and the potential relationship with drug abuse-related outcomes among Mexican American heroin users. Methods Secondary data on 219 current and former heroin-injecting Mexican American men aged 45 and older were drawn from a research study in Houston, Texas. We used geographic information systems (GIS) to derive two spatial accessibility measures: distance from one’s place of residence to the closest drug treatment facility (in minutes); and the number of facilities within a 10-minute driving distance from one’s place of residence. Exploratory logistic regression analyses examined the association between the spatial accessibility of drug treatment facilities and several drug abuse-related outcomes: internal locus of control (LOC); perceived chances and worries of injecting in the next six months; treatment utilization; and location of last heroin purchase. Results Participants with greater spatial access to treatment programs were more likely to report a higher chance of injecting in the near future. However, while current heroin users were more worried about injecting in the next six months, greater spatial access to treatment programs seemed to have a buffering effect. Finally, those who lived closer to a treatment programs were more likely to have last purchased heroin inside the neighborhood versus outside the neighborhood. Spatial accessibility was not associated with internal LOC or treatment utilization. Conclusion The findings showed that the presence of outpatient treatment facilities—particularly services in Spanish—may influence perceived risk of future heroin use and purchasing behaviors among Mexican American men. Implications for future spatially-informed drug abuse research and the planning of culturally and linguistically responsive drug treatment programs are discussed.

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Distance Traveled and Cross-State Commuting to Opioid Treatment Programs in the United States

Cited by 136 publications

References 18 publications

A randomized controlled trial of prison-initiated buprenorphine: Prison outcomes and community treatment entry

A randomized controlled trial of prison-initiated buprenorphine: Prison outcomes and community treatment entry

Interim treatment: Bridging delays to opioid treatment access

Spatial accessibility of drug treatment facilities and the effects on locus of control, drug use, and service use among heroin-injecting Mexican American men

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