Distinct activity-gated pathways mediate attraction and aversion to CO2 in Drosophila

Breugel, Floris van; Huda, Ainul; Dickinson, Michael H.

doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0732-8

Cited by 83 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Whereas Drosophila Ir25a is involved in many functions, including olfaction, taste, hygrosensation, thermosensation, and attraction to CO 2 [24,30,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], Ir8a appears to function exclusively in detecting odors and is not necessary for attractive responses to CO 2 [24,27,28,40]. In Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Detect Acidic Volatiles Found in Human Odor Using the IR8a Pathway

et al. 2019

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Graphical Abstract Highlights d Ae. aegypti Ir8a mutant mosquitoes cannot sense lactic acid, a human sweat component d Attraction to humans and human odor is reduced in Ir8a mutant mosquitoes d Ae. aegypti IR8a pathway responds to human-odor cues during blood feeding d The Ir8a mutant host-seeking defect cannot be rescued by other olfactory receptors SUMMARY Mosquitoes use olfaction as a primary means of detecting their hosts. Previously, the functional ablation of a family of Aedes aegypti olfactory receptors, the odorant receptors (ORs), was not sufficient to reduce host seeking in the presence of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).This suggests the olfactory receptors that remain, such as the ionotropic receptors (IRs), could play a significant role in host detection. To test this, we disrupted the Ir8a co-receptor in Ae. aegypti using CRISPR/Cas9. We found that Ir8a mutant female mosquitoes are not attracted to lactic acid, a behaviorally active component of human sweat, and they lack odor-evoked responses to acidic volatiles. The loss of Ir8a reduces mosquito attraction to humans and their odor. We show that the CO 2 -detection pathway is necessary but not sufficient for IR8a to detect human odor. Our study reveals that the IR8a pathway is crucial for an anthropophilic vector mosquito to effectively seek hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Detect Acidic Volatiles Found in Human Odor Using the IR8a Pathway

et al. 2019

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“…All experiments were performed between 10:00 and 12:00 h or after 15:00 h, during periods when flies show higher foraging activity (van Breugel et al, 2018). Each experimental run contained four differently sized groups ('single', 'pair', 'small group' and 'large group'), and the positions of the four arenas used for the four differently sized groups were balanced across experimental runs.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social foraging extends associative odor-food memory expression in an automated learning assay for Drosophila

Sehdev

Mohammed

Tafrali

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Animals socially interact during foraging and share information about the quality and location of food sources. The mechanisms of social information transfer during foraging have been mostly studied at the behavioral level, and its underlying neural mechanisms are largely unknown. Fruit flies have become a model for studying the neural bases of social information transfer, because they provide a large genetic toolbox to monitor and manipulate neuronal activity, and they show a rich repertoire of social behaviors. Fruit flies aggregate, they use social information for choosing a suitable mating partner and oviposition site, and they show better aversive learning when in groups. However, the effects of social interactions on associative odor-food learning have not yet been investigated. Here, we present an automated learning and memory assay for walking flies that allows the study of the effect of group size on social interactions and on the formation and expression of associative odor-food memories. We found that both inter-fly attraction and the duration of odor-food memory expression increase with group size. This study opens up opportunities to investigate how social interactions during foraging are relayed in the neural circuitry of learning and memory expression.

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“…On the behavior and ecology fronts, countless field studies have helped shape our understanding of the search behavior exhibited by mammals, birds, and fish in the context of optimal foraging theory and satisficing [2,3]. In laboratory environments designed to discover the neural basis underlying these decisions, many efforts have focused on olfactory search of organisms including mice [4], insects [5], and crustaceans [6] (for a review, see [7]). To move the field forward, there is a growing push to connect laboratory and field experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-range search for a Drosophila consists of flying up to 10 km across the desert to find a new oasis [17,18], initially relying on celestial cues [19,20], as well as vision and wind [21], until it catches an odor plume to follow [22,23]. Within the oasis a fly begins its intermediate search phase: tracking odor plumes [5,[24][25][26][27] and approaching visual cues [22,28], often relying on the integration of the two to find a fermenting fruit [29,30]. After landing [31], the fly enters its third phase, local search.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated decision making across multiple phases of olfactory guided search in Drosophila

Breugel

2020

Preprint

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All motile organisms must search for food, often requiring the exploration of heterogeneous environments across a wide range of spatial scales. Recent field and laboratory experiments with the fruit fly, Drosophila, have revealed that they employ different strategies across these regimes, including kilometer scale straight-path flights between resource clusters, zig-zagging trajectories to follow odor plumes, and local search on foot after landing. However, little is known about the extent to which experiences in one regime might influence decisions in another. To determine how a flies' odor plume tracking during flight is related to their behavior after landing, I tracked the behavior of individually labelled fruit flies as they explored an array of three odor emitting, but food-barren, objects. The distance flies travelled on the objects in search of food was correlated with the time elapsed between their visits, suggesting that their in-flight plume tracking and on-foot local search behaviors are interconnected through a lossy memory-like process.

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Distinct activity-gated pathways mediate attraction and aversion to CO2 in Drosophila

Cited by 83 publications

References 33 publications

Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Detect Acidic Volatiles Found in Human Odor Using the IR8a Pathway

Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Detect Acidic Volatiles Found in Human Odor Using the IR8a Pathway

Social foraging extends associative odor-food memory expression in an automated learning assay for Drosophila

Correlated decision making across multiple phases of olfactory guided search in Drosophila

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