Distinct antigen-induced cytokine pattern upon stimulation with antibody-complexed antigen consistent with a Th1 → Th2-shift

Berger, Stefan; Balló, Hilmar; Stutte, H. J.

doi:10.1016/0923-2516(96)80223-8

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The antiestrogen tamoxifen has been demonstrated to inhibit HIV replication in lymphocytes, although the mechanism of this effect is unclear [20]. However, since sex steroids influence establishment of Th-1 versus Th-2 immunological responses, a recognized factor associated with outcome of HIV infection [51], as well as production of cytokines, which also influence HIV replication rates, they may well result in sex-based differences in HIV-1 levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Ovulatory Cycle on Virologic and Immunologic Markers in HIV‐Infected Women

et al. 2000

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An individual's sex influences plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level and rate of CD4 cell decline, but the mechanism for this effect is currently unknown. To determine the effect of the ovulatory cycle on HIV-1 RNA level and lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected women, blood specimens were obtained weekly from 14 women infected with HIV. Participants reported regular menses and were not using hormonal medications or narcotics. The occurrence of ovulation was verified by use of endocrine criteria. Ovulation occurred in 10 of the 14 women. Among women who ovulated, median HIV-1 RNA level fell by a median of 0.16 log10 from the early follicular phase to the midluteal phase (P=.03, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). When women who did not ovulate were included in the analysis, no significant fluctuation in plasma HIV RNA level was identified. Thus, the ovulatory cycle influenced circulating HIV-1 RNA levels, a finding that is plausible because of the known effect of sex hormones on lymphocyte function and cytokine production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Ovulatory Cycle on Virologic and Immunologic Markers in HIV‐Infected Women

et al. 2000

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“…Tetanus toxoid is now recognised as an adjuvant inducing a variable TH1 to TH2 shift [13], and cannot be considered a truly inactive placebo. Three months after its injection 8/14 patients showed some improvement in PASI, which may have been a placebo effect, and this improvement was maintained to 6 months in 4/13 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy withMycobacterium vaccaein the treatment of psoriasis

Lehrer

Bressanelli

Wachsmann

et al. 1998

FEMS Immunology &Amp; Medical Microbiology

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A placebo-controlled study of immunotherapy with Mycobacterium vaccae for chronic plaque psoriasis showed improvement in the psoriasis area severity index in 19 of 21 immunotherapy recipients (P<0.005). Minor improvement, not reaching statistical significance for the group, occurred in nine of 14 placebo recipients. There were losses to follow-up and the placebo used, tetanus toxoid, was not ideal. Clinical improvement after immunotherapy persisted for 6 months and another injection of the immunotherapeutic given to a few volunteers from either group resulted in benefits lasting a year. Lymphoproliferative tests were carried out at each clinic visit, and on 50 matched controls. Starting with reduced responses to mycobacterial antigens and concanavalin A, both treatment groups showed a fall after 3 months, and diverged at 6 months with M. vaccae recipients rising to values similar to those of healthy controls, whereas placebo recipients continued to fall. Conclusions reached were that immunotherapy with M. vaccae gave long-lasting clinical benefit to most patients, with minimal side effects. This accompanied a return towards normal cellular immune responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens, which did not follow the use of the placebo.

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“…Immunomodulation by antibody can be Fc-dependent or independent and can include increased uptake of antigen via FcR on antigen-presenting cells (66,73), differential engagement of stimulatory versus inhibitory FcR (40,51,53,104,126), FcR-dependent enhancement of MHC class I-restricted cross-presentation (41,98,119), alterations in proteolysis and antigen processing (6,72,73,103,121), a shift in presentation of class II-restricted T-cell determinants (4,5,70), changes in cytokine expression by antigen-presenting cells and/or T cells (3,4,11,12), masking of dominant epitopes by antibody (6,9,10,14,72,121), exposure of cryptic epitopes induced by antibody binding (61,103,121), enhanced germinal center formation and generation of strong recall responses (53,59,60,62,64,91,108), changes in usage of germline-encoded V H genes (85,109), and induction of somatic hypermutation (85,108,109).…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Immunomodulation By Antibodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-Mediated Immunomodulation: a Strategy To Improve Host Responses against Microbial Antigens

Brady

2005

Infect Immun

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Distinct antigen-induced cytokine pattern upon stimulation with antibody-complexed antigen consistent with a Th1 → Th2-shift

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Impact of the Ovulatory Cycle on Virologic and Immunologic Markers in HIV‐Infected Women

Impact of the Ovulatory Cycle on Virologic and Immunologic Markers in HIV‐Infected Women

Immunotherapy withMycobacterium vaccaein the treatment of psoriasis

Antibody-Mediated Immunomodulation: a Strategy To Improve Host Responses against Microbial Antigens

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