Distinct distribution patterns of exercise-induced natural killer cell mobilization into the circulation and tumor tissue of patients with prostate cancer

Schenk, Alexander; Esser, Tobias; Belen, Sergen; Gunasekara, Nadira; Joisten, Niklas; Winker, Matteo; Weike, Lea; Bloch, Wilhelm; Heidenreich, Axel; Herden, Jan; Löser, Heike; Oganesian, Sabine; Theurich, Sebastian; Watzl, Carsten; Zimmer, Philipp

doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00243.2022

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…lung and bone marrow after exercise 40 , but also an increased tumor infiltration by both NK cells 14 and CD8 + T cells in exercising animals 38 . However, a study with prostate cancer patients did not observe differences in NK cell infiltrates in tumor tissue between people who conducted an acute exercise a day before surgery compared to the control group, but circulating NK cell count immediately before surgery was associated with NK cell infiltrates 41 . In addition, there are various factors that influence the susceptibility of tumor cells to exercise-induced immune surveillance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The effect of acute exercise on circulating immune cells in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients

Koivula

Lempiäinen

Rinne

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The role of exercise in cancer prevention and control is increasingly recognized, and based on preclinical studies, it is hypothesized that mobilization of leukocytes plays an important role in the anti-tumor effect. Thus, we examined how 10-min acute exercise modulates immune cells in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. Blood samples were taken at rest, immediately after exercise and 30 min after exercise and phenotypic characterization of major leukocyte subsets was done using 9-color flow cytometry. Total leukocyte count increased by 29%, CD8+ T cell count by 34%, CD19+ B cell count by 18%, CD56+CD16+ NK cell count by 130%, and CD14+CD16+ monocyte count by 51% immediately after acute exercise. Mobilization of CD45+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD56+CD16+ cells correlated positively with exercising systolic blood pressure, heart rate percentage of age predicted maximal heart rate, rate pressure product, and mean arterial pressure. Our findings indicate that a single bout of acute exercise of only 10 min can cause leukocytosis in breast cancer patients. Mobilization of leukocytes appear to be directly related to the intensity of exercise. It is possible that the positive effect of exercise on oncologic outcome might be partly due to immune cell mobilization as documented in the present study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The effect of acute exercise on circulating immune cells in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients

Koivula

Lempiäinen

Rinne

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…From the findings that the acute exercise response in men with prostate cancer is normal, three implications for consideration regarding this type of physical activity are presented. (i) While a single exercise bout was insufficient ( 19 , 48 ), multiple sessions enhanced immune cell infiltration of prostate tumors ( 49 ) that aligns with data from pre-clinical models ( 50 , 51 ). (ii) Breast cancer cell culture experiments reveal that acute but not chronic exercise reduce cell viability ( 52 ), leading to the hypothesis that “every exercise bout matters” ( 53 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Acute exercise induces distinct quantitative and phenotypical T cell profiles in men with prostate cancer

Hanson

Sakkal

Bates

et al. 2023

Front. Sports Act. Living

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BackgroundReduced testosterone levels can influence immune system function, particularly T cells. Exercise during cancer reduces treatment-related side effects and provide a stimulus to mobilize and redistribute immune cells. However, it is unclear how conventional and unconventional T cells (UTC) respond to acute exercise in prostate cancer survivors compared to healthy controls.MethodsAge-matched prostate cancer survivors on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and those without ADT (PCa) along with non-cancer controls (CON) completed ∼45 min of intermittent cycling with 3 min at 60% of peak power interspersed by 1.5 min of rest. Fresh, unstimulated immune cell populations and intracellular perforin were assessed before (baseline), immediately following (0 h), 2 h, and 24 h post-exercise.ResultsAt 0 h, conventional T cell counts increased by 45%–64% with no differences between groups. T cell frequency decreased by −3.5% for CD3+ and −4.5% for CD4+ cells relative to base at 0 h with CD8+ cells experiencing a delayed decrease of −4.5% at 2 h with no group differences. Compared to CON, the frequency of CD8+CD57+ cells was −18.1% lower in ADT. Despite a potential decrease in maturity, ADT increased CD8+perforin+ GMFI. CD3+Vα7.2+CD161+ counts, but not frequencies, increased by 69% post-exercise while CD3+CD56+ cell counts increased by 127% and were preferentially mobilized (+1.7%) immediately following the acute cycling bout. There were no UTC group differences. Cell counts and frequencies returned to baseline by 24 h.ConclusionFollowing acute exercise, prostate cancer survivors demonstrate normal T cell and UTC responses that were comparable to CON. Independent of exercise, ADT is associated with lower CD8+ cell maturity (CD57) and perforin frequency that suggests a less mature phenotype. However, higher perforin GMFI may attenuate these changes, with the functional implications of this yet to be determined.

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“…As the downregulation of costimulatory molecule CD28 with age leading to progressive expansion of CD28 − cells has been considered as a 'compensation' for the reduction of naïve CD8 cells [40] and a hallmark of senescence [37], this may explain the somewhat lower, but significant associations found for CD8 CD28 -cells. No significant associations with cardiorespiratory fitness occurred for markers involving CD4 or NK cell subpopulations, although associations with CD4 cells had been reported before [15], as well as acute exercise effects on NK cell frequency and function [18,74].…”

Section: Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Immune Agementioning

confidence: 85%

Calibrating A Comprehensive Immune Age Metric to Analyze the Cross Sectional Age-Related Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Bröde¹,

Claus²,

Gajewski³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is essential for sustained work ability in good health, but declines with aging as does the functionality of the immune system, the latter process commonly referred to as immunosenescence. This study aimed to compare the capacity of immunosenescence biomarkers with chronological age for predicting low CRF in a cross-sectional sample recruited from the regional working population. CRF was determined by submaximal bicycle ergometer testing in a cross-sectional sample of 597 volunteers aged 20–70 years from the ’Dortmund Vital Study’ (DVS, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05155397). Low CRF was scored, if the ergometer test was not completed due to medical reasons or if the power output projected to a heart rate of 130 bpm divided by body mass was below sex-specific reference values of 1.25 W/kg for females and 1.5 W/kg for males, respectively. In addition to established biomarkers of immunosenescence, we calibrated a comprehensive metric of immune age to our data and compared its predictive capacity for low CRF to chronological age while adjusting our analysis for the influence of sex, obesity, and level of regular physical activity by applying univariate and multiple logistic regression. While obesity, low physical activity, chronological and immune age were all associated with increased probability for low CRF in univariate analyses, multiple logistic regression revealed that obesity and physical activity together with immune age, but not chronological age, were statistically significant predictors of low CRF outcome. Sex was non-significant due to the applied sex-specific reference values. These results demonstrate that biological age assessed by our immunological metric can outperform chronological age as a predictor for CRF and indicate a potential role for immunosenescence in explaining the inter-individual variability of the age-related decline in cardiorespiratory fitness.

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Distinct distribution patterns of exercise-induced natural killer cell mobilization into the circulation and tumor tissue of patients with prostate cancer

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of acute exercise on circulating immune cells in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients

The effect of acute exercise on circulating immune cells in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients

Acute exercise induces distinct quantitative and phenotypical T cell profiles in men with prostate cancer

Calibrating A Comprehensive Immune Age Metric to Analyze the Cross Sectional Age-Related Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness

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