Distinct expression of Cbln family mRNAs in developing and adult mouse brains

Miura, Eriko; Iijima, Takahiro; Yuzaki, Michisuke; Watanabe, Masahiko

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04950.x

Cited by 102 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The cDNAs were synthesized from 1 g of total RNA using an oligo-dT primer and Superscript III RNase H-reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen) at 50°C for 60 min. Semiquantitative PCR was performed as described previously (Miura et al, 2006) by coamplification of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA, which is expressed ubiquitously and constitutively, using a second set of primers in the same PCR tube. To assure the linearity of our RT-PCR assay, we performed preliminary experiments for each cDNA to be analyzed by sampling 5 l aliquots at every fourth cycle of the reaction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cbln1 mRNA remains highly expressed in adult cerebellum (Miura et al, 2006) and did not respond to chronic neuronal inactivity (supplemental Fig. S4, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material).…”

Section: Physiological Role Of Activity-induced Downregulation Of Cbln1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depolarization blocked the expression of cbln1 mRNA in developing granule cells We previously showed that the expressions of cbln1 and cbln3 mRNAs increased during the postnatal period (Miura et al, 2006). Interestingly, the resting membrane potential of granule cells progressively declines during normal development (Rossi et al, 1998;Nakanishi and Okazawa, 2006).…”

Section: High-kmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since Cbln1 remains highly expressed in adult cerebellum (Miura et al, 2006), it would inhibit morphological changes at PFPurkinje cell synapses. Indeed, unlike in cbln1 Ϫ/Ϫ cerebellum, application of exogenous Cbln1 failed to induce any synaptogenesis in wild-type cerebellum (Ito-Ishida et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity-Dependent Repression of Cbln1 Expression: Mechanism for Developmental and Homeostatic Regulation of Synapses in the Cerebellum

Iijima¹,

Emi²,

Yuzaki³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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Cbln1, which belongs to the C1q/tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is released from cerebellar granule cells and plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining excitatory synapses between parallel fibers (PFs; axons of granule cells) and Purkinje cells not only during development but also in the adult cerebellum. Although neuronal activity is known to cause morphological changes at synapses, how Cbln1 signaling is affected by neuronal activity remains unclear. Here, we show that chronic stimulation of neuronal activity by elevating extracellular K ϩ levels or by adding kainate decreased the expression of cbln1 mRNA within several hours in mature granule cells in a manner dependent on L-type voltage-dependent Ca 2ϩ channels and calcineurin. Chronic activity also reduced Cbln1 protein levels within a few days, during which time the number of excitatory synapses on Purkinje cell dendrites was reduced; this activity-induced reduction of synapses was prevented by the addition of exogenous Cbln1 to the culture medium. Therefore, the activity-dependent downregulation of cbln1 may serve as a new presynaptic mechanism by which PF-Purkinje cell synapses adapt to chronically elevated activity, thereby maintaining homeostasis. In addition, the expression of cbln1 mRNA was prevented when immature granule cells were maintained in high-K ϩ medium. Since immature granule cells are chronically depolarized before migrating to the internal granule layer, this depolarization-dependent regulation of cbln1 mRNA expression may also serve as a developmental switch to facilitate PF synapse formation in mature granule cells in the internal granule layer.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Role Of Activity-induced Downregulation Of Cbln1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High-kmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity-Dependent Repression of Cbln1 Expression: Mechanism for Developmental and Homeostatic Regulation of Synapses in the Cerebellum

Iijima¹,

Emi²,

Yuzaki³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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“…13). However, Cbln1 mRNA was not detected in normal human adrenal glands using Northern blot analysis or by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (2,8,14,15). In this regard, recently, we demonstrated expression of Cbln1-3 in classic endocrine glands of the rat (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precerebellin-related genes and precerebellin 1 peptide in the adrenal gland of the rat: Expression pattern, localization, developmental regulation and effects on corticosteroidogenesis

Ruciński

Ziółkowska²,

Szyszka³

et al. 2009

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. Precerebellin (Cbln)-related peptides are known to modulate the secretory activity and growth of the adrenal gland. However, precise expression of the Cbln-related genes and Cbln1 peptide in the adrenal remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated, using RT-PCR, QPCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and hormonal assays, their expression in the adrenals of adult rats and in the course of postnatal ontogenesis. Of the 4 known Cblns, Cbln(1-3) mRNAs were found in the adrenal gland of the adult male rats. Expression patterns of Cbln1 and 3 were similar to each other and different from that of Cbln2. Highest expression of the Cbln1 and 3 genes was observed in the zona glomerulosa (ZG), lower expression was noted in the fasciculata/reticularis and lowest expression was observed in the adrenal medulla. Expression of these genes was also present in freshly isolated rat adrenocortical cells. On the contrary, by means of classic RT-PCR, we demonstrated the presence of mRNAs of CBLN(1-4) in the human adrenal gland. In the rat, highest expression of the Cbln1 and 3 genes was found at postnatal day 2 and was somewhat lower at day 90. On the contrary, expression of the Cbln2 gene was low in adrenals of 2-day-old rats and notably higher at the remaining time points studied (up to day 360). Cerebellin (CER)-like immunoreactivity was observed in the membranes of the adrenal ZG cells, while in the medulla, immunoreactive substances were localized primarily in the cytoplasm of chromaffin cells. Cbln1-like immunoreactivity was present mainly in the cortex of the gland, and reaction products were noted both in the membranes and cytoplasm of adrenocortical cells. Semiquantitative evaluation of Cbln1 protein expression in compartments of the adrenal gland of the adult rat revealed a higher concentration of Cbln1 protein in the cortex than in the medulla of studied rats. We also found that both CER and desCER stimulated basal aldosterone secretion by freshly isolated ZG cells. Thus, the present study provided precise data on expression of the Cbln-related genes and Cbln1 peptide in the adrenal gland of the rat and on their developmental regulation. We also found that, contrary to the human adrenal, in the rat adrenal gland, the Cbln4 gene was not expressed at the mRNA level.

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Osteoporosis management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence for improvement

Solomon

Katz

Cabral

et al. 2006

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. Osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increasingly recognized as a major comorbidity. We examined past management patterns for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and attempted to improve care through an educational intervention. The goal was to examine the frequency of osteoporosis management in patients with RA treated at a large academic rheumatology practice. Methods. We performed a structured chart review on randomly selected patients seen during 2004 for RA. Osteoporosis management was defined as a bone mineral density test or receipt of a medication for osteoporosis in the prior 24 months. The frequency of osteoporosis management among our study group was assessed. We also examined how glucocorticoid dosage affected osteoporosis management in adjusted models. Results. We reviewed the records for 193 patients, 99 had not used glucocorticoids in the prior 24 months, and 94 had used them. Of the total study population, 48% had received a bone mineral density test or medication for osteoporosis. Some form of osteoporosis management was present for 64% of patients taking >5 mg prednisone for >3 months compared with 38% for patients taking none (P ‫؍‬ 0.002). Predictors of osteoporosis management included older age, female sex, glucocorticoid dosage, and prior osteoporosis diagnosis or fracture. Conclusion. The frequency of osteoporosis management appears to have increased compared with a prior chart review.

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Distinct expression of Cbln family mRNAs in developing and adult mouse brains

Cited by 102 publications

References 40 publications

Activity-Dependent Repression of Cbln1 Expression: Mechanism for Developmental and Homeostatic Regulation of Synapses in the Cerebellum

Activity-Dependent Repression of Cbln1 Expression: Mechanism for Developmental and Homeostatic Regulation of Synapses in the Cerebellum

Precerebellin-related genes and precerebellin 1 peptide in the adrenal gland of the rat: Expression pattern, localization, developmental regulation and effects on corticosteroidogenesis

Osteoporosis management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence for improvement

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