Distinct LPS-induced signals regulate LPS uptake and morphological changes in medfly hemocytes

Pure Lipopolysaccharide or Synthetic Lipid A Induces Activation of p21Ras in Primary Macrophages through a Pathway Dependent on Src Family Kinases and PI3K

“…Thus, it seems that three bacterial products, LPS, peptidoglycan, and CpG, all induce activation of p21Ras and ERK in mammalian cells, albeit through distinct mechanisms. Moreover, in insects, bacterial products also activate p21Ras, which appears to be involved in phagocytosis by hemocytes (23,24). Thus, throughout evolution, the p21Ras pathway appears to have been repeatedly coupled with host recognition of bacterial products.…”

Cell-mediated immunity in arthropods: Hematopoiesis, coagulation, melanization and opsonization

“…Recently, it has been demonstrated that medfly hemocytes respond to LPS/E. coli by changing their morphology and inducing the activation of several signaling pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 K) and Rho pathways (Lamprou et al, 2005;Soldatos et al, 2003). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 pathways, but not c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are found to be involved in LPS-dependent hemocyte secretion, whereas all MAPK subfamilies (ERK MAPK, JNK, p38) participate in E. coli-dependent secretion.…”

Identification of genes differentially expressed in hemocytes of Scylla paramamosain in response to lipopolysaccharide

“…In mammalian macrophages, MAP kinase was suggested to be activated by several external stimuli like LPS and E. coli [38]. MAP kinase is also involved in the uptake of bacteria, latex beads and LPS in medfly [39]. Further, MAP kinases control gene expression by facilitation of chromatin remodeling and activation of large numbers of transcription factors like activating protein [40].…”