Distinct neural circuits reflect sex, sexual maturity, and reproductive status in response to stress in Drosophila melanogaster

Neckameyer, Wendi S.; Matsuo, Hisako

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.020

Cited by 25 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The minor differences in control conditions slightly affected responses when comparing the two different conditions, demonstrating that even small changes in the 'normal' environment may contribute to the variability observed in the behavioral outcomes. We have previously observed this for adult behavioral paradigms [Neckameyer and Matsuo, 2008], as have others, not only in Drosophila [e.g. Martin et al, 1999], but in mice as well [Wahlsten et al, 2006].…”

Section: Serotonergic Feeding Circuit In Drosophilasupporting

confidence: 76%

A Trophic Role for Serotonin in the Development of a Simple Feeding Circuit

Neckameyer¹

2010

Dev Neurosci

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Correct differentiation and positioning of individual synapses during development is fundamental to the normal function of neuronal circuits. While classical transmitters such as serotonin (5-HT) play a critical trophic role in neurogenesis in addition to their functions as transmitters in the mature nervous system, this process is not well understood. We used a simple model to assess both development and function of a specific behavioral circuit in the larval stage of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). We show that, as in all other species examined, the neurotransmitter actions of 5-HT depress feeding, and decreased neuronal 5-HT levels increase appetite. However, using transgenic tools, we show that constitutive knockdown of neuronal 5-HT synthesis to reduce 5-HT levels during central nervous system (CNS) development results in increased branching of the serotonergic fibers projecting to the gut, as well as increased size and number of varicosities along the neurite length. As larvae, these animals display decreased feeding rates relative to controls, and, when given exogenous 5-hydroxytryptophan, feeding is significantly enhanced. Late-stage wild-type embryos exposed to 5-HT to augment 5-HT levels during CNS development display, as mature larvae, a significant decrease in gut fiber branching and total varicosity number, as well as increased feeding and a hyposensitivity to the effects of 5-HT. Exposure of embryos unable to synthesize neuronal serotonin to 5-HT during late embryogenesis results in rescue of the feeding behavior and abnormalities in the 5-HT gut fiber architecture. These results demonstrate an inverse relationship between developmental 5-HT levels and complexity of the fiber architecture projecting to gut tissue, which results in a perturbed feeding pattern. We conclude that 5-HT is tightly regulated during CNS development to direct the normal architecture and mature function of this neural circuit.

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Section: Serotonergic Feeding Circuit In Drosophilasupporting

confidence: 76%

A Trophic Role for Serotonin in the Development of a Simple Feeding Circuit

Neckameyer¹

2010

Dev Neurosci

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“…FlyNap is commonly used in studies assessing heart activity in Drosophila melanogaster (Paternostro et al, 2001;Wessells and Bodmer, 2004;Lo et al, 2007;Neckameyer and Matsuo, 2008;Choma et al, 2010;Tsai et al, 2011;Tang et al, 2014), and two of these studies detected differences in cardiac The Journal of Experimental Biology (2014) doi:10.1242 function when the effect of FlyNap-based anesthesia was compared with other methods of insect restraint (Paternostro et al, 2001;Tsai et al, 2011). Our finding that exposure to FlyNap increases both antennal APO and heart contraction rates further cautions that FlyNap should be avoided in studies assessing circulatory physiology.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 75%

Hemolymph circulation in insect sensory appendages: functional mechanics of antennal accessory pulsatile organs (auxiliary hearts) in the mosquitoAnopheles gambiae

Boppana

Hillyer

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Mosquito antennae provide sensory input that modulates hostseeking, mating and oviposition behaviors. Thus, mosquitoes must ensure the efficient transport of molecules into and out of these appendages. To accomplish this, mosquitoes and other insects have evolved antennal accessory pulsatile organs (APOs) that drive hemolymph into the antennal space. This study characterizes the structural mechanics of hemolymph propulsion throughout the antennae of Anopheles gambiae. Using intravital video imaging, we show that mosquitoes possess paired antennal APOs that are located on each side of the head's dorsal midline. They are situated between the frons and the vertex in an area that is dorsal to the antenna but ventral to the medial-most region of the compound eyes. Antennal APOs contract in synchrony at 1 Hz, which is 45% slower than the heart. By means of histology and intravital imaging, we show that each antennal APO propels hemolymph into the antenna through an antennal vessel that traverses the length of the appendage and has an effective diameter of 1-2 μm. When hemolymph reaches the end of the appendage, it is discharged into the antennal hemocoel and returns to the head. Because a narrow vessel empties into a larger cavity, hemolymph travels up the antenna at 0.2 mm s −1 but reduces its velocity by 75% as it returns to the head. Finally, treatment of mosquitoes with the anesthetic agent FlyNap (triethylamine) increases both antennal APO and heart contraction rates. In summary, this study presents a comprehensive functional characterization of circulatory physiology in the mosquito antennae.KEY WORDS: Antenna, Hemocoel, Circulatory physiology, Antennal heart, Heart, Vessel INTRODUCTIONThe antennae of insects are involved in the detection of chemical, tactile, thermal and auditory stimuli (Chapman and Simpson, 2013). The antennae also mechanically assist during the mating of fleas, and contain the timing elements of the sun compass that drives the autumn migration of monarch butterflies (Hsu and Wu, 2001;Merlin et al., 2009). In mosquitoes, the detection of near-field sound by the antennae's Johnston's organs influences courtship and mating, and the reception of odorant and thermal cues by antennal receptor neurons controls oviposition and host-seeking behaviors (Cator et al., 2009;Wang et al., 2009;Carey et al., 2010;Rinker et al., 2013). Because antennae are intricately involved in essential physiological processes, insects must ensure that molecules required for proper RESEARCH ARTICLEDepartment of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA. antennal functioning are efficiently transported into and out of these peripheral sensory appendages.The primary manner by which insects transport nutrients, hormones, waste and other molecules from one region of the body to another is by circulating a fluid medium called hemolymph through an open body cavity called the hemocoel Klowden, 2013). The main pump that drives hemolymph circulation is called the dorsal vessel, which is a muscula...

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“…The mechanism of action of Cd has not been clarified completely; however, it is known that its toxic effects are related to the dose, duration of exposure, developmental stage of animals and animals' sensitivity. 37 The underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of the enzymes activities in animals after exposure to different doses of heavy metals in several studies have been undertaken to explain the causes of in the enzymes activity induced by pollutants in many invertebrates. 38 Our study was concerned with the measurements of toxicity and antioxidant enzymes activity S. litura larvae against Cd and Pb heavy metals exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cadmium and Lead Exposure on Tissue Specific Antioxidant Response in Spodoptera litura

Suganya

Karthi

Shivakumar

2016

FRA

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Introduction: Oxidative stress in insects may result from an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants under a significant impact of metals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, are generated from normal metabolic processes in all oxygen-utilizing organisms. In the present study was designed to the impact of heavy metal (Cadmium and Lead) toxicity and its free radical scavenging enzymes in Spodoptera litura larvae. Methods: Heavy metals were administered using artificial diet method having different concentrations. The metal toxicity was observed after 24 and 48 hrs post treatment. In antioxidant parameters were SOD, CAT, POX, GST, LPO, ACP and AKP were assessed. In additionally metal accumulation analysis using ICP-MS. Results: In particular, after exposure to diets containing environmentally relevant concentration (Cd 0.3 mg, Cd 0. 44 mg, Cd 0.50 mg or Pb 0.48 mg, Pb 4.8 mg, Pb 9.6 mg) at 48 hrs changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes were measured in larvae. The results showed that compared with control, the based on concentration significantly increased of antioxidant enzymes activities. In ICP-MS analysis results shows based on the concentration Pb 9.6 mg, 325.61 ppm/mg -1 and Cd 0.44 mg, 36.5 ppm/mg -1 will be increased. Conclusion: In conclusion antioxidant systems of S. litura were altered by Cd and Pb exposure as determined by measuring in the enzymes activities. All of Cd and Pb result in strong oxidative stress and toxicity to S. litura larvae. Based on the results we suggest that metal toxicity and metal accumulation of insects influenced by Cadmium chloride and Lead nitrate in S. litura larvae.

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Distinct neural circuits reflect sex, sexual maturity, and reproductive status in response to stress in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

A Trophic Role for Serotonin in the Development of a Simple Feeding Circuit

A Trophic Role for Serotonin in the Development of a Simple Feeding Circuit

Hemolymph circulation in insect sensory appendages: functional mechanics of antennal accessory pulsatile organs (auxiliary hearts) in the mosquitoAnopheles gambiae

Effect of Cadmium and Lead Exposure on Tissue Specific Antioxidant Response in Spodoptera litura

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