Distinct neural correlates of trait resilience within core neurocognitive networks in at-risk children and adolescents

Iadipaolo, Allesandra; Marusak, Hilary A.; Paulisin, Shelley; Sala-Hamrick, Kelsey; Crespo, Laura M.; Elrahal, Farrah; Peters, Craig; Brown, Suzanne

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.026

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…A few recent neuroimaging studies have begun to pinpoint brain regions that differentiate trauma exposed individuals who do or do not exhibit adaptive outcomes (e.g., based on psychopathology or adaptive functioning status). For example, compared to those who experienced maladaptive outcomes, trauma-exposed youths who exhibit adaptive functioning have been found to have lower resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) within default mode, salience, and executive control networks (155). Interestingly, all of these networks have been shown to be disrupted in substance-abusing samples (156, 157).…”

Section: Putative Underpinnings Of Distinct Developmental Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Precursors of Substance Misuse Corresponding to Risk, Resistance, and Resilience Pathways: Implications for Prevention Science

2019

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Studies of substance misuse prevention generally focus on characteristics that typify risk, with the assumption that the prevalence of the problem will be optimally reduced by identifying, targeting, and reducing or eliminating risk factors. However, this risk-centered approach neglects variations in individual-level and environmental characteristics that portend differential pathways that are distinguishable by timing of substance use initiation (e.g., early versus delayed), the likelihood of use escalation versus eventual desistance, and enduring abstinence, despite exposure to significant risk factors. Considering the various underpinnings of these distinct substance use trajectories is critical to a more nuanced understanding of the effects, potency, and malleability of factors that are known to increase risk or confer protection. Here, we discuss three pathways relative to substance use patterns and predictors in the context of adversity, a well-known, highly significant influence on propensity for substance misuse. The first pathway is designated as “high risk” based on early onset of substance use, rapid escalation, and proneness to substance use disorders. Individuals who defy all odds and eventually exhibit adaptive developmental outcomes despite an initial maladaptive reaction to adversity, are referred to as “resilient.” However, another categorization that has not been adequately characterized is “resistant.” Resistant individuals include those who do not exhibit problematic substance use behaviors (e.g., early onset and escalation) and do not develop substance use disorders or other forms of psychopathology, despite significant exposure to factors that normally increase the propensity for such outcomes (e.g. trauma and/or adversity). In this paper, we apply this conceptualization of risk, resistance, and resilience for substance misuse to a more fine-grained analysis of substance use pathways and their corresponding patterns (e.g., non-use, initiation, escalation, desistance). The significance of the progression of neurocognitive functioning over the course of development is discussed as well as how this knowledge may be translated to make a science-based determination of intervention targets. This more encompassing theoretical model has direct implications for primary prevention and clinical approaches to disrupt risk pathways and to optimize long-term outcomes.

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Section: Putative Underpinnings Of Distinct Developmental Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Precursors of Substance Misuse Corresponding to Risk, Resistance, and Resilience Pathways: Implications for Prevention Science

2019

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“…From the perspective of brain structural connectivity, the anterior corpus callosum (CC), which projects to anterior cortical regions that are involved in cognitive processes and the reappraisal of negative information, also seems to be implicated in resilience in adolescents 74,75 . Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis of associations also shows a heightened rsFC between the anterior default mode network (DMN), the right central executive network (CEN) and ‘trait’ resilience in adolescents 76 .…”

Section: Underlying Mechanisms Linking Neurobiology and Psychosocial mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although blood BDNF levels may reflect brain tissue levels 157 , the specific corticolimbic regions cannot be easily elucidated in humans. Therefore, changes in structural, functional and connectivity neuroimaging as well as physiology will be useful for detecting subtle resilience changes in functioning to reflect an increase or decrease in resilience 66,72–74,76,93,158–161 . Importantly, measurement of a combination of these factors, rather than individual factors will improve discriminative and predictive power as well as temporal or causal relationships between adversity exposure and resilience 162 .…”

Section: Research Implications Of Proposed Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling resilience in adolescence and adversity: a novel framework to inform research and practice

et al. 2019

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Recent conceptualisations of resilience have advanced the notion that it is a dynamic and multifaceted construct. However, its adaptive components, especially those forged by adversity, have not been fully realised, and its neurobiological and psychosocial underpinnings are yet to be meaningfully integrated. In part, this is because a developmental perspective is often neglected in the formulation of resilience. In this review, we consider the findings of resilience research, with a specific emphasis on the developmental period of adolescence. To bridge the gaps in our current understanding, we propose a model of resilience that is predicated on experiencing adversity. Specifically, our model provides a sophisticated insight into the components of resilience, which, together with intrinsic features, involves facilitation of, and skill acquisition via strengthening processes we term tempering and fortification. The model also points to the potential trajectories of adversity-driven resilience and forms the basis of a framework that allows for individual variance in resilience, and the identification of both neurobiological and psychosocial targets for prevention and therapeutic interventions.

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“…In this context, researchers are beginning to use neuroimaging to identify biomarkers of risk and resilience related to the onset and course of psychopathology ( 30 ). Emerging research suggests that the intrinsic functional architecture of brain networks (i.e., ensembles of brain regions that co-activate when a person is at “rest,” or not engaged in a task) may reflect differential adaptation to stress ( 31 ), particularly in individuals at risk for psychopathology ( 32 ). One resting-state network that has received attention as a possible neurobiological marker of resilience to risk factors of mental and physical health difficulties is the executive control network (ECN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Executive Control Network Coherence Buffers Against Puberty-Related Increases in Internalizing Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Chahal

Kirshenbaum

Miller

et al. 2021

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

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Background Early pubertal maturation has been posited to be a biopsychosocial risk factor for the onset of internalizing psychopathology in adolescence; further, early-maturing youth exhibit heightened reactivity to stressful events. School closures and enforced social distancing, as well as health and financial uncertainties, during the COVID-19 pandemic are expected to adversely affect mental health in youth, particularly adolescents who are already at risk for experiencing emotional difficulties. The executive control network (ECN) supports cognitive processes required to successfully navigate novel challenges and regulate emotions in stressful contexts. Methods : We examined whether functional coherence of the ECN, measured using resting-state fMRI five years before the pandemic (at T1), is a neurobiological marker of resilience to increases in the severity of internalizing symptoms during COVID-19 in adolescents who were in more advanced stages of puberty at T1 relative to their same-age peers (N=85; 49 F). Results On average, participants reported an increase in symptoms from the three months prior to pandemic to the two most recent weeks during the pandemic. We found that early-maturing youth exhibited greater increases in internalizing symptoms during the pandemic if their ECN coherence was low; in contrast, relative pubertal stage was not associated with changes in internalizing symptoms in adolescents with higher ECN coherence at T1. Conclusions These findings highlight the role of the functional architecture of the brain that supports executive functioning in protecting against risk factors that may exacerbate symptoms of internalizing psychopathology during periods of stress and uncertainty.

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Distinct neural correlates of trait resilience within core neurocognitive networks in at-risk children and adolescents

Cited by 32 publications

References 72 publications

Neurocognitive Precursors of Substance Misuse Corresponding to Risk, Resistance, and Resilience Pathways: Implications for Prevention Science

Neurocognitive Precursors of Substance Misuse Corresponding to Risk, Resistance, and Resilience Pathways: Implications for Prevention Science

Modelling resilience in adolescence and adversity: a novel framework to inform research and practice

Higher Executive Control Network Coherence Buffers Against Puberty-Related Increases in Internalizing Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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