Distinct pattern of gene expression in pyothorax‐associated lymphoma (PAL), a lymphoma developing in long‐standing inflammation

Abstract

Pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) is a unique lymphoma developing in the pleural cavity after long-standing pyothorax. They are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), frequently with immunoblastic morphology, and show a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In this study, cDNA microarray analysis was performed in six cases with PAL and 12 with nodal DLBCL. Among 5516 informative genes, 348 displayed more than 2-fold difference (higher or lower) of expression level between PAL and nodal DLBCL (P < < < <0.001). These genes are known to be involved in apoptosis, interferon response, and signal transduction. One of the most differentially expressed genes, IFI27 (interferon-α α α α-inducible protein 27) was subjected to quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and increased expression of IFI27 was confirmed. Overexpression of IFI27 was also found in cell lines derived from PAL, but not in other lymphoid cell lines. This study shows that PAL is a distinctive subtype of DLBCL not only in its clinical presentation, but also in its molecular profile. alignant lymphoma develops in the pleural cavity affected by long-standing pyothorax, usually resulted from artificial pneumothorax for the treatment of lung tuberculosis or tuberculous pleuritis.

Whole-blood transcriptional profiling of interferon-inducible genes identifies highly upregulated IFI27 in primary myelofibrosis

“…Furthermore, IFN‐inducible genes – including IFI27 – have been shown to be associated with so‐called metagenes in patients with breast cancer, accurately identifying those patients with lymph node metastasis and accordingly predictors of outcomes in individual patients (46). IFI27 is also highly expressed by lymphoma cells in patients with pyothorax‐associated lymphoma developing after long‐standing inflammation (47). In the context of myelofibrosis with MMM as a neoplasm with metastasis (CD34+ cells) in the spleen and liver (extramedullary hematopoiesis consequent to the breakdown of normal marrow‐blood barrier with egress of CD34+ cells and other progenitors into the circulation (leukoerythroblastosis) (48), one might speculate whether the highly upregulated IFI27 gene in these patients reflects progressive clonal evolution despite an exaggerated but insufficient IFN‐mediated antitumor response by activated dendritic cells and T cells.…”

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma variants: an update

“…Gene expression profiling of DLBCL-CI shows features of chronic inflammation and EBV infection. 90 Fibrin-associated large B-cell lymphoma These neoplasms are small, non-mass forming lesions that are usually encountered incidentally within a prosthesis (e.g., cardiac valve, orthopaedic device), hydrocoele, pseudocysts, cardiac myxoma and chronic subdural haematoma [91][92][93] (Fig. 8).…”

EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: 2018 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification and management

“…Sequencing of the TP53 gene (exons 5–8) using paraffin‐embedded tissue found mutations in 2/3 of cases . By gene expression profiling, PAL was shown to be molecularly different from nodal DLBCL, with increased expression of activated B‐cell‐like signature . DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation is an aggressive lymphoma, with 5‐year survival rate of 22% .…”