Distinction of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma from adenoid cystic and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma by immunohistochemistry

Morice, William G.; Ferreiro, Jorge A.

doi:10.1016/s0046-8177(98)80011-7

Cited by 148 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1 Immunohistochemistry may be helpful in differentiation of adenoid cystic from basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, but there is also significant immunophenotypic overlap. 19 In the two cases in question, our stains revealed a dual cell population, with a luminal (ductal) and myoepithelial (basal) component, which is typical of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The myoepithelial component stained with calponin and S100.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

et al. 2012

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, particularly basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, may be difficult to distinguish from high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma. Evidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV 16, is frequently found in non-keratinizing oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Immunoreactivity for p16, a surrogate marker for HPV infection, often parallels the HPV infection status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the incidence and correlation between p16 expression and HPV infection in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma is unknown. Sixteen cases of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma, three cases of dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma and eight cases of low-/intermediate-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified for inclusion in the study. All cases were tested by immunohistochemistry for p16 expression and in situ hybridization for high-and low-risk HPV. Eight cases (100%) of low-to-intermediate-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma were focally positive for p16, all of which were negative for HPV. In all, 14 of 16 cases (88%) of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma and three cases (100%) of dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma were positive for p16; strong and diffuse staining was noted in three cases (3 of 19, 16%). Two cases (11%) of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma, which were also diffusely positive for p16, showed the presence of high-risk HPV. These findings suggest that the presence of HPV infection in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma is infrequent, even in the presence of p16 immunostaining. Nevertheless, HPV positivity should not be used to exclude the possibility of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma when the differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, although p16 overexpression is often used as a surrogate marker for HPV in squamous cell carcinoma, it cannot be used in this manner in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

et al. 2012

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“…Considering the histological LNM, lymph node metastasis; OS, overall survival; MST, median survival time; WDSCC, well differentiated typical squamous cell carcinoma; PMSCC, poorly and moderately differentiated typical squamous cell carcinoma. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.3.1889 Treatment and Prognosis of Esophageal Basaloid SCC diversity of BSCCE, Morice et al (1998) and Chen et al (2012) reported that it was difficult to differentiate BSCCE from typical SCC, adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) and small cell carcinoma via biopsy alone. In this study, only 12 cases were diagnosed as BSCCE by endoscopic biopsy and typical SCC was the most commonly differentiated tumor type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, some BSCCE had concomitant in situ or invasive SCC components and even the presence of small cell carcinoma (Cho et al, 2000), and therefore requires careful differentiation. Some reporters (Sarbia et al, 1997;Morice et al, 1998;Cho et al, 2000) have stated that the immunoreactivities for cytokeratin subtypes, Bcl-2, beta-catenin, S-100, and neuroendocrine markers, are different among these tumors and might assist in the distinction. However, none of these markers are specific for BSCCE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCCE) is a rare and recently recognized variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (Sarbia et al, 1997;Morice et al, 1998;Gabbert et al, 2000;Li et al, 2004), which is distinctly characterized by a solid growth pattern with a nesting, lobular, or trabecular arrangement of basaloid cells, small cystic spaces and foci of comedotype necrosis in central areas of the tumor. The incidence of BSCCE varies from 0.77-5.0% (Sarbia et al, 1997;experiences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Outcomes of Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Retrospective Analysis of 142 Cases

Zhang¹,

Cheng²,

Xue³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Immunohistochemistry in BSCC shows strong and diffuse staining for p63 and for the high molecular weight cytokeratins 34betaE12 and 5/6 and lacks staining for neuroendocrine markers, except in isolated cases. These rare neuroendocrine marker positive cases have been positive for synaptophysin or NSE, but not for chromogranin-A [17,18]. This brings up a major issue-namely, how to further distinguish BSCC from high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma using markers other than the standard synaptophysin, chromogranin-A, NSE, and CD56.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx: Definition of an Entity

Lewis

Spence

Chiosea

et al. 2010

Head and Neck Pathol

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Laryngeal atypical carcinoids (AC/moderatelydifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma) are associated with moderately aggressive clinical behavior; however, a subset of tumors classified as AC have much greater aggressive potential. These tumors fulfill the proposed diagnostic criteria for pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, albeit in the larynx. In the current WHO classification, laryngeal large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) are classified as variants of AC, whereas pulmonary LCNEC are classified as poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. Reported outcomes for pulmonary tumors support the separate classification of LCNEC. Five and ten year survival rates for pulmonary AC are 61-73, and 35-59%, respectively, while the 5-year survival rate for pulmonary LCNEC is as low as 30%. By extension, we postulate that the biologic potential of laryngeal LCNEC is similar to that of small-cell carcinoma (poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma), and as such, warrants reclassification. The files of Barnes Jewish Hospital/Washington University were searched for the term ''neuroendocrine'' and the anatomic subsite larynx. Neuroendocrine carcinoma cases were evaluated using the WHO definitions for pulmonary AC and LCNEC; small cell carcinoma was excluded. Cases were also solicited from the larger head and neck pathology community. A literature search was also performed for cases of laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma, and cases which could be clearly classified as LCNEC by this scheme were captured as well. Six new cases plus four reported cases were identified which fulfill the WHO criteria for pulmonary LCNEC (eight men and two women). Nine patients presented at stage IV and 88% died of disease (DOD), 75 and 100% of these at 2 and 3 years, respectively. Laryngeal LCNEC is a rare entity, distinct from AC. We recommend that laryngeal tumors fulfilling WHO criteria for pulmonary LCNEC not be classified as variants of AC, but as variants of small cell carcinoma (poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma) as they are associated with poorer outcome.

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Distinction of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma from adenoid cystic and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma by immunohistochemistry

Cited by 148 publications

References 14 publications

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

Clinical Outcomes of Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Retrospective Analysis of 142 Cases

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx: Definition of an Entity

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