Distinction of Sivatherium from Libytherium and a new species of Libytherium (Giraffidae, Ruminantia, Mammalia) from the Siwaliks of Pakistan (Miocene)

Ríos, María; Abbas, Sayyed Ghyour; Khan, Muhammad Akbar; Solounias, Nikos

doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2022.06.002

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Dimensions: SeeRíos, et al (2022) Bramatherium megacephalumLydekker, 1876 Holotype-AM-19670, skull. Type locality-Dhok Pathan.…”

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Giraffoids From the Siwaliks of Pakistan

Solounias,

Ibáñez

2023

Preprint

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Although today they occur in Africa, during the Miocene Giraffoids were widespread in Eurasia. We describe the giraffoid faunas found in the Siwaliks of Pakistan. These faunas are extremely rich and provide with several new giraffoid taxa that are morphologically different to what taxa known before and give new insights in the taxa. Non-Siwalik localities that contribute key information are: Fort Ternan, Kalodirr, Tung Gur, Gebel Zelten, Gebel Hamrin and Bou Hanifia. (1) The Palaoemerycidae are distinct with ossicones and an occipital horn. The list of taxa includes five new palaeomerycids:Tauromeryx canteroinov. sp.,Charis gratianov. gen. sp. nov.,Fovea fossatanov. gen. sp. nov,Goniomeryx flynnigen. nov. sp. nov., andLateralia morganinov. gen. nov. sp. nov.; (2) new climacoceratids:Vittoria soriaegen nov. sp nov.Orangemeryx badgleyinov. sp. We also define two new ranks within the Climacoceridae family: the Climacocerinae and the Prolibytheriinae. (3) Preliminary systematics suggest that Giraffidae can be subdivided into two clades: the long and the short neck groups. The Siwaliks sample a total of twelve different giraffids:Progiraffa exigua, Giraffokeryxpunjabiensis,Ua pilbeami,Orea leptia,Injanatherium hazimi,Giraffa punjabiensis, Giraffa sivalensis,Decennatherium asiaticum,Bramatherium megacephalum,Bramatherium perminese,Bamiscus micros, andSivatherium giganteum.Palaeotragus germaniiandBohlinia tungurensisare new determinations. Progiraffinae and Bramatheriinae as new subfamilies. The subfamilies of Giraffidae seem to hold as isolated evolutionary silos. They are: Progiraffinae, Giraffokerycinae, Okapiinae, Bohlininae, Giraffinae, Palaeotraginae, Samotheriinae, Bramatheriinae and Sivatheriinae. It is hard to connect these subfamilies as they most appear around 15 Ma.

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“…Dimensions: SeeRíos, et al (2022) Bramatherium megacephalumLydekker, 1876 Holotype-AM-19670, skull. Type locality-Dhok Pathan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Giraffoids From the Siwaliks of Pakistan

Solounias,

Ibáñez

2023

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New Euungulate Fossils from the Middle Siwalik Subgroup of the Potwar Plateau of Northern Pakistan

Ara,

Yasin,

Ishaq

et al. 2024

Geological Journal

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This article provides a detailed taxonomic study of mammalian fossil fauna from five localities situated within the Middle Siwalik subgroup including the Nagri and Dhok Pathan formations in Punjab, Pakistan. Twenty‐three euungulate specimens comprised of isolated teeth, and maxillary and mandibular fragments, are described. This collection includes the bovid, Elachistoceras; a very rare faunal element in the Siwaliks of Pakistan, as well as Elachistoceras khauristanensis, Pachyportax latidens, Giraffa punjabiensis, Bramatherium grande, Merycopotamus dissimilis, Dorcatherium minus, Dorcatherium majus, Hippopotamodon sivalense, Sivalhippus theobaldi, Sivalhippus nagriensis and Brachypotherium perimense These fossil remains add important new insights into the taxonomy and diversity of Late Miocene mammal faunas of the Middle Siwaliks. The data is important for understanding the biogeographical and palaeoenvironmental history of the region. The characteristics of the fossils described in this study further support the currently hypothesised presence of a massive open land environment with variable wet and dry seasons alike to that of the current climate in Eurasia and Africa. The variable habitat niches of these co‐existing fauna also give further support to the supposition that there was a much more mixed array of palaeoenvironments ranging from a prevalence of woodland to expansive savannah territory during the deposition of Nagri and Dhok Pathan formations.

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A review of Palaeogiraffa (Giraffidae, Mammalia) from the Vallesian of the Eastern Mediterranean

Laskos,

Kostopoulos

2024

Geobios

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Distinction of Sivatherium from Libytherium and a new species of Libytherium (Giraffidae, Ruminantia, Mammalia) from the Siwaliks of Pakistan (Miocene)

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Giraffoids From the Siwaliks of Pakistan

Giraffoids From the Siwaliks of Pakistan

New Euungulate Fossils from the Middle Siwalik Subgroup of the Potwar Plateau of Northern Pakistan

A review of Palaeogiraffa (Giraffidae, Mammalia) from the Vallesian of the Eastern Mediterranean

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