Distinction of white, beige and brown adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells

Park, Anna; Kim, Won Kon; Bae, Kwang‐Hee

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v6.i1.33

Cited by 224 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Human BAT is minimal in adults, and its main function is to generate heat to maintain body temperature [28][29][30][31]. In contrast, WAT is more abundant and is therefore the main source for engineering autologous tissue for transplantation [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide Y promotes adipogenic differentiation in primary cultured human adipose-derived stem cells

Liu

Fang

et al. 2018

Endocr J

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Abstract. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an important neurotransmitter in the control of energy metabolism. Several studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased levels of NPY in the hypothalamus. We hypothesized that the release of NPY has coordinated and integrated effects on energy metabolism in different tissues, such as adipocyte tissue, resulting in increased energy storage and decreased energy expenditure. Whether NPY has role in the molecular mechanism of human adipocyte tissue remains unclear. We established the model of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) from human adipose tissue and differentiated it into adipocytes in the presence of NPY at different concentrations (10 -15 -10 -6 mmol/L). We then assessed hADSCs proliferation and differentiation by quantifying lipid accumulation and examining the expression levels of related adipocyte markers after differentiation. Furthermore, the specific markers of white adipocyte tissue (WAT) in hADSCs were also analyzed. The results showed that low doses of NPY stimulated hADSCs proliferation (p < 0.05), while high doses of NPY inhibited hADSCs proliferation (p < 0.05). NPY significantly promoted lipid accumulation and increased the size of lipid droplets during human adipogenic differentiation; the levels of adipocyte markers PPAR-γ and C/EBPα were also increased. At the same time, NPY also increased the levels of WAT markers Cidec and RIP140 after adipocyte differentiation. The results suggested high dose NPY inhibits the proliferation of hADSCs while promotes adipocyte differentiation and increases the expression of WAT markers. This may be the reason why increased levels of NPY can lead to a rise in body weight.Key words: Neuropeptide Y, Human adipose-derived stem cells, Adipocyte differentiation, White adipose tissue NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid neuropeptide, which is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system. In the brain, NPY is found in many brain areas [1], including the hypothalamus, dentate gyrus, lateral thalamus and striatum, with the highest concentrations in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (Arc). NPY is implicated in the regulation of many physiological processes, including food intake and body energy balance. NPY also regulates cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive, endocrine and behavioural function [2][3][4]. Recently, studies have revealed that administration of NPY has profound metabolic effects throughout the body. One characteristic of obesity is the This overproduction of fat is associated with increased lipogenesis in different organs, such as liver and white adipose tissue (WAT). Several studies found that obesity is associated with elevated levels of NPY in the hypothalamus [5][6][7][8][9]. Adipose tissue is important for regulation of energy metabolism. A disturbance of metabolic processes, such as thermogenesis, lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, may contribute to the pathology of obesity. In order to increase our understanding of how NPY could be involved in the adipoc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide Y promotes adipogenic differentiation in primary cultured human adipose-derived stem cells

Liu

Fang

et al. 2018

Endocr J

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Section: Brown Adipose Tissue (Bat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differentiation of brown preadipocytes into brown adipocytes is controlled by transforming growth factor-β family proteins, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 and myostatin. In addition, C/EBP-β and PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16) have been shown to act as key transcriptional factors in the differentiation of brown adipocytes [135].The presence of metabolically active BAT in small rodents is already well established in the literature [128,136]. Surprisingly, metabolically active BAT has been also identified in adult humans' neck, cervical, supraclavicular, and paravertebral regions being functional and activated upon cold exposure [132,[137][138][139][140][141].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Actions for Fat Browning and Energy Expenditure in White Adipose Tissue

Pbm¹,

Lopes²,

Alonso-Vale³

2016

Journal of Obesity and Overweight

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Obesity can be defined as the disruption in the balance between fuel intake and energy expenditure in favor of energy conservation. Together with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), these are the two of the most prevalent diseases affecting modern societies, arising mostly by changes in eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle associated with poorly known genetic determinants. Obesity predisposes to the so-called metabolic syndrome, which includes inflammation, hypertension, T2DM and cardiovascular diseases [1]. Obesity is imposing an increasingly heavy burden on the world's population in rich and poor nations alike, with almost 30 percent of people globally now either obese (BMI ≥ 30) or overweight (BMI ≥ 25) [2]. In fact, the number of overweight and obese people rose from 857 million in 1980 to 2.1 billion in 2013 [2]. Recently, obesity and metabolic syndrome were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and deranged regulation of metabolic genes [3]. Interestingly, mitochondria of obese individuals seem to be different from those of lean individuals. Mitochondria from obese individuals display lower energy-generating capacity, less defined inner membranes and reduced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) [4]. AbstractWhite adipose tissue (WAT) is an endocrine organ with crucial role in the development of obesity and related diseases. White adipocytes have less mitochondria than brown adipocytes; nevertheless, there is an increasing body of evidence showing that mitochondrial parameters play a relevant role in WAT physiology, such as proliferation, differentiation and triacylglycerol storage levels. These parameters comprise mitochondria turnover, oxidative capacity, uncoupling, reactive oxygen species levels and oxygen consumption. In addition, the existence of beige (brown in white) adipose tissue and the transdifferatiation of WAT in brown adipose tissue are intrinsically related to mitochondria activity. Herein we highlight that the concerted action of stimulated lipolysis, mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and uncoupling (futile cycle) can enhance WAT energy expenditure. We consider WAT mitochondrial function a promising target for the development of therapies tackling lipotoxicity, obesity and related diseases. White adipose tissue (WAT) is the main tissue linked to obesity. WAT represents around 10% of total body weight in lean adults and more than 50% in obese individuals [5]. WAT is composed of mature adipocytes and the stromal-vascular fraction that contains preadipose cells (or adipoblasts), fibroblasts, immune cells, and blood vessel-associated cells [6]. A single and large lipid droplet occupies most of the white adipocyte volume and WAT copes with obesity either expanding (hypertrophy) or recruiting new cells (hyperplasia) [7]. WAT secretes an array of peptide hormones called adipokines (including leptin and adiponectin), which regulate neurological activities such as appetite and behavior, metabolic activities of peripheral tissues [8] and produce several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alp...

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“…Perhaps now is a good time, with all this increased understanding, for those in the CCN field to delve deeper into the obesity problem and the roles of CCN proteins in the adipocyte anlage which used to consist only of adipocytes but now involves immune cells and the most topical of subjects, stem cells (Park et al 2014). So, if you are a fat cell, do you know who your parents are and what they hold in store for you?…”

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confidence: 99%

It’s all in your gut and mind

Yeger

2015

J. Cell Commun. Signal.

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Obesity has become a global problem affecting adults and children alike. Lifestyle choices both personal and industry driven can be blamed for the rise in obesity. One must distinguish between the possibly reversible overweight condition and the almost intractable actual morbid obesity where predisposing genetic factors may come into play. Both however exhibit consequences to health with a severity that cannot be underestimated. Deleterious changes to metabolism can lead to type II diabetes and atherosclerosis and other organ dysfunctions. It has long been recognized that there are two main types of fatty tissue in the body, white adipose tissue (WAT) serving a storage function and brown adipose tissue (BAT) serving a thermogenic function. The new discovery has been that WAT cells can be induced to undergo conversion (browning) to BAT to yield what is called beige adipose tissue, acquiring the thermogenic function. The clinical dream is to be able to promote browning and to induce, what may be called, burning off the fat. In this B&B article I entice the reader with a recent study that shows how two key hormones insulin and leptin operate cooperatively in the brain to monitor and regulate energy balance and the downstream effect of browning. I present other studies to add additional perspectives to the understanding of the mechanisms in peripheral tissues and other hormones that play additional key roles. Whether obesity can be conquered therapeutically by manipulating the regulatory systems is still an open question.

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Distinction of white, beige and brown adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells

Cited by 224 publications

References 66 publications

Neuropeptide Y promotes adipogenic differentiation in primary cultured human adipose-derived stem cells

Neuropeptide Y promotes adipogenic differentiation in primary cultured human adipose-derived stem cells

Mitochondrial Actions for Fat Browning and Energy Expenditure in White Adipose Tissue

It’s all in your gut and mind

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